Identification of CDK1, PBK, and CHEK1 as an Oncogenic Signature in Glioblastoma: A Bioinformatics Approach to Repurpose Dapagliflozin as a Therapeutic Agent.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor whose median survival is less than 15 months. The current treatment regimen comprising surgical resectioning, chemotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ), and adjuvant radiotherapy does not achieve total patient cure. Stem cells' presence and GBM tumor heterogeneity increase their resistance to TMZ, hence the poor overall survival of patients. A dysregulated cell cycle in glioblastoma enhances the rapid progression of GBM by evading senescence or apoptosis through an over-expression of cyclin-dependent kinases and other protein kinases that are the cell cycle's main regulatory proteins. Herein, we identified and validated the biomarker and predictive properties of a chemoradio-resistant oncogenic signature in GBM comprising CDK1, PBK, and CHEK1 through our comprehensive in silico analysis. We found that CDK1/PBK/CHEK1 overexpression drives the cell cycle, subsequently promoting GBM tumor progression. In addition, our Kaplan-Meier survival estimates validated the poor patient survival associated with an overexpression of these genes in GBM. We used in silico molecular docking to analyze and validate our objective to repurpose Dapagliflozin against CDK1/PBK/CHEK1. Our results showed that Dapagliflozin forms putative conventional hydrogen bonds with CDK1, PBK, and CHEK1 and arrests the cell cycle with the lowest energies as Abemaciclib.