Employing a Plant Probiotic Actinomycete for Growth Promotion of Lettuce (

The consumption of lettuce is associated with an increased risk of ingesting nitrate, a naturally occurring and potentially harmful compound that can have adverse effects on human health. Hydroponic cultivation systems serve as effective tools for regulating nutrient solutions and nitrogen availability, which are essential for controlling nitrate levels. However, the techniques for reducing nutrient levels need to be appropriately calibrated based on lettuce growth responses and their interactions with the environment and growing conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that plant probiotic actinomycetes can alleviate nutritional stress in various crops. However, there is a noticeable gap in research concerning the effects of actinomycetes on hydroponically grown lettuce, particularly under nutrient-limiting conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the actinomycete