[Bacterial immunity: Uncovering a new world].
Immunité bactérienne : à la découverte d’un nouveau monde.
Journal
Medecine sciences : M/S
ISSN: 1958-5381
Titre abrégé: Med Sci (Paris)
Pays: France
ID NLM: 8710980
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2023
Nov 2023
Historique:
medline:
30
11
2023
pubmed:
29
11
2023
entrez:
29
11
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Viruses are parasites that infect all living organisms, and bacteria are no exception. To defend themselves against their viruses (phages), bacteria have developed numerous and sophisticated defense mechanisms, our understanding of which is rapidly growing. In the 2000s, only a handful of mechanisms were known and only two of them seemed to be found in most bacteria. In 2018, a new key method based on genome analysis revealed that there were likely many others. Indeed, over the past five years, more than 150 new mechanisms have been discovered. It is now estimated that there are probably thousands. This remarkable diversity, paralleled with the tremendous viral diversity, is evident both in terms of possible combinations of systems in bacterial genomes and in molecular mechanisms. One of the most surprising observations emerging from the exploration of this diversity is the discovery of striking similarities between certain bacterial defense systems and antiviral systems in humans, as well as plant (and eukaryotes in general) immune systems. Contrary to the previously accepted paradigm, organisms as diverse as fungi, plants, bacteria and humans share certain molecular strategies to fight viral infections, suggesting that an underestimated part of eukaryotic antiviral immunity could have evolved from bacterial antiviral defense systems. Immunité bactérienne : à la découverte d’un nouveau monde. Les virus sont des parasites qui infectent tous les organismes vivants, et les bactéries n’y font pas exception. Pour se défendre contre leurs virus (les bactériophages ou phages), les bactéries se sont dotées d’un éventail de mécanismes élaborés, dont la découverte et la compréhension sont en pleine expansion. Dans les années 2000, seuls quelques systèmes de défense étaient connus et deux semblaient présents chez la plupart des bactéries. En 2018, une nouvelle méthode fondée sur l’analyse des génomes a révélé l’existence potentielle de nombreux autres. Plus de 150 nouveaux systèmes anti-phages ont été découverts au cours des cinq dernières années. On estime maintenant qu’il en existe probablement des milliers. Cette formidable diversité, qui est à mettre en parallèle avec la considérable diversité virale, s’exprime tant en termes de combinaisons de systèmes possibles dans les génomes bactériens que de mécanismes moléculaires. Une des observations les plus surprenantes qui émerge est la découverte de similarités entre certains systèmes de défense bactériens et des mécanismes antiviraux eucaryotes. Contrairement au paradigme jusqu’alors en place, des organismes aussi différents que des champignons, des plantes, des bactéries ou des êtres humains partagent certaines stratégies moléculaires pour combattre des infections virales, suggérant qu’une part sous-estimée de l’immunité antivirale eucaryote a directement évolué à partir des systèmes de défense bactériens.
Autres résumés
Type: Publisher
(fre)
Immunité bactérienne : à la découverte d’un nouveau monde.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38018930
doi: 10.1051/medsci/2023163
pii: msc230130
doi:
Types de publication
English Abstract
Journal Article
Langues
fre
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
862-868Informations de copyright
© 2023 médecine/sciences – Inserm.
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