Evolution of chlorinated paraffin and olefin fingerprints in sewage sludge from 1993 to 2020 of a Swiss municipal wastewater treatment plant.

Chlorinated olefins (COs) Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) Fingerprinting Orbitrap mass spectrometry Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) RASER (R-based automated spectra evaluation routine)

Journal

Chemosphere
ISSN: 1879-1298
Titre abrégé: Chemosphere
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0320657

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
29 Nov 2023
Historique:
received: 05 10 2023
revised: 23 11 2023
accepted: 26 11 2023
pubmed: 2 12 2023
medline: 2 12 2023
entrez: 1 12 2023
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Exposure of humans to chlorinated paraffins (CPs) and chlorinated olefins (COs) can occur via contact with CP-containing plastic materials. Such plastic materials can contain short-chain CPs (SCCPs), which are regulated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention since 2017. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) collect effluents of thousands of households and their sludge is a marker for CP exposure. We investigated digested sewage sludge collected in the years 1993, 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2020 from a Swiss WWTP serving between 20000 and 23000 inhabitants. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (R > 100000) method, in combination with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source (LC-APCI-MS), was used to detect mass spectra of CPs and olefinic side products. A R-based automated spectra evaluation routine (RASER) was applied to search for ∼23000 ions whereof ∼6000 ions could be assigned to CPs, chlorinated mono- (COs), di- (CdiOs) and tri-olefins (CtriOs). Up to 230 CP-, 120 CO-, 50 CdiO- and 20 CtriO-homologues could be identified in sludge. Characteristic fingerprints were deduced describing C- and Cl-homologue distributions, chlorine- (n

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140825 PMID: 38040258
pubmed: 38040258
pii: S0045-6535(23)03095-3
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140825
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

140825

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Auteurs

Marco C Knobloch (MC)

Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

Jules Hutter (J)

Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland. Electronic address: jules.hutter@empa.ch.

Oscar Mendo Diaz (OM)

Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

Markus Zennegg (M)

Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Jean Claude Vogel (JC)

Office for Waste, Water, Energy and Air of the Canton of Zurich AWEL, Water Protection Department, Hardturmstrasse 105, 8090, Zurich, Switzerland.

Edith Durisch (E)

Office for Waste, Water, Energy and Air of the Canton of Zurich AWEL, Water Protection Department, Hardturmstrasse 105, 8090, Zurich, Switzerland.

Urs Stalder (U)

University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

Laurent Bigler (L)

University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

Susanne Kern (S)

Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.

Davide Bleiner (D)

Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

Norbert V Heeb (NV)

Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Classifications MeSH