Theory of mind in mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson's disease: The role of memory impairment.

Memory Mild cognitive impairment Parkinson’s disease Social cognition Theory of mind

Journal

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience
ISSN: 1531-135X
Titre abrégé: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101083946

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
04 Dec 2023
Historique:
accepted: 14 11 2023
medline: 5 12 2023
pubmed: 5 12 2023
entrez: 4 12 2023
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Social cognition is impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether social cognitive impairment (iSC) is a by-product of the underlying cognitive deficits in PD or a process independent of cognitive status is unknown. To this end, the present study was designed to investigate the weight of specific cognitive deficits in social cognition, considering different mild cognitive impairment subtypes of PD (PD-MCI). Fifty-eight PD patients underwent a neuropsychological battery assessing executive functions, memory, language, and visuospatial domains, together with social cognitive tests focused on theory of mind (ToM). Patients were divided into subgroups according to their clinical cognitive status: amnestic PD-MCI (PD-aMCI, n = 18), non-amnestic PD-MCI (PD-naMCI, n = 16), and cognitively unimpaired (PD-CU, n = 24). Composite scores for cognitive and social domains were computed to perform mediation analyses. Memory and language impairments mediated the effect of executive functioning in social cognitive deficits in PD patients. Dividing by MCI subgroups, iSC occurred more frequently in PD-aMCI (77.8%) than in PD-naMCI (18.8%) and PD-CU (8.3%). Moreover, PD-aMCI performed worse than PD-CU in all social cognitive measures, whereas PD-naMCI performed worse than PD-CU in only one subtype of the affective and cognitive ToM tests. Our findings suggest that ToM impairment in PD can be explained by memory dysfunction that mediates executive control. ToM downsides in the amnesic forms of PD-MCI may suggest that subtle changes in social cognition could partly explain future transitions into dementia. Hence, the evaluation of social cognition in PD is critical to characterize a possible behavioral marker of cognitive decline.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Social cognition is impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether social cognitive impairment (iSC) is a by-product of the underlying cognitive deficits in PD or a process independent of cognitive status is unknown. To this end, the present study was designed to investigate the weight of specific cognitive deficits in social cognition, considering different mild cognitive impairment subtypes of PD (PD-MCI).
METHODS METHODS
Fifty-eight PD patients underwent a neuropsychological battery assessing executive functions, memory, language, and visuospatial domains, together with social cognitive tests focused on theory of mind (ToM). Patients were divided into subgroups according to their clinical cognitive status: amnestic PD-MCI (PD-aMCI, n = 18), non-amnestic PD-MCI (PD-naMCI, n = 16), and cognitively unimpaired (PD-CU, n = 24). Composite scores for cognitive and social domains were computed to perform mediation analyses.
RESULTS RESULTS
Memory and language impairments mediated the effect of executive functioning in social cognitive deficits in PD patients. Dividing by MCI subgroups, iSC occurred more frequently in PD-aMCI (77.8%) than in PD-naMCI (18.8%) and PD-CU (8.3%). Moreover, PD-aMCI performed worse than PD-CU in all social cognitive measures, whereas PD-naMCI performed worse than PD-CU in only one subtype of the affective and cognitive ToM tests.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that ToM impairment in PD can be explained by memory dysfunction that mediates executive control. ToM downsides in the amnesic forms of PD-MCI may suggest that subtle changes in social cognition could partly explain future transitions into dementia. Hence, the evaluation of social cognition in PD is critical to characterize a possible behavioral marker of cognitive decline.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01142-z PMID: 38049608
pubmed: 38049608
doi: 10.3758/s13415-023-01142-z
pii: 10.3758/s13415-023-01142-z
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

© 2023. The Author(s).

Références

Abu-Akel, A. (2003). A neurobiological mapping of theory of mind. Brain Research Reviews 43(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0173(03)00190-5
Aiello, E. N., D’Iorio, A., Montemurro, S., Maggi, G., Giacobbe, C., Bari, V., ... Santangelo, G. (2022). Psychometrics, diagnostics and usability of Italian tools assessing behavioural and functional outcomes in neurological, geriatric and psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. Neurological Sciences 43(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-022-06300-8
Alonso-Recio, L., Carvajal, F., Merino, C., & Serrano, J. M. (2021). Social Cognition and Cognitive Decline in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 27(7), 744–755. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617720001204
doi: 10.1017/S1355617720001204 pubmed: 33243315
Anderson, R. J., Simpson, A. C., Channon, S., Samuel, M., & Brown, R. G. (2013). Social problem solving, social cognition, and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Behavioral Neuroscience, 127(2), 184–192. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030250
doi: 10.1037/a0030250 pubmed: 23067384
Banwinkler, M., Theis, H., Prange, S., & van Eimeren, T. (2022). Imaging the limbic system in Parkinson’s disease-a review of limbic pathology and clinical symptoms. Brain Sciences, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091248
Baron-Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson, M. (1997). Another advanced test of theory of mind: Evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x
Bellmund, J. L. S., Deuker, L., Montijn, N. D., & Doeller, C. F. (2022). Mnemonic construction and representation of temporal structure in the hippocampal formation. Nature Communications, 13(1), 3395. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30984-3
doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30984-3 pubmed: 35739096 pmcid: 9226117
Bharath, S., Joshi, H., John, J. P., Balachandar, R., Sadanand, S., Saini, J., ... Varghese, M. (2017). A multimodal structural and functional neuroimaging study of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2016.05.001
Blair, R. J. R., & Cipolotti, L. (2000). Impaired social response reversal. A case of “acquired sociopathy.” Brain, 123(6), 1122–1141. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/123.6.1122
doi: 10.1093/brain/123.6.1122 pubmed: 10825352
Bodden, M. E., Dodel, R., & Kalbe, E. (2010). Theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease and related basal ganglia disorders: A systematic review. Movement Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22818
Bora, E., Walterfang, M., & Velakoulis, D. (2015). Theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis. Behavioural Brain Research 292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.012
Bora, E., & Yener, G. G. (2017). Meta-Analysis of social cognition in mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988717710337
Brüne, M. (2003). Theory of mind and the role of IQ in chronic disorganized schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00162-7
Buckner, R. L., & Carroll, D. C. (2007). Self-projection and the brain. Trends in cognitive sciences, 11(2), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.004
doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.004 pubmed: 17188554
Chen, L., Huang, T., Ma, D., & Chen, Y.-C. (2022). Altered default mode network functional connectivity in Parkinson’s disease: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16, 905121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.905121
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.905121 pubmed: 35720728 pmcid: 9204219
Chenery, H. J., Angwin, A. J., & Copland, D. A. (2008). The basal ganglia circuits, dopamine, and ambiguous word processing: A neurobiological account of priming studies in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617708080491
Chung, S. J., Park, Y. H., Yun, H. J., Kwon, H., Yoo, H. S., Sohn, Y. H., ... Lee, P. H. (2019). Clinical relevance of amnestic versus non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment subtyping in Parkinson’s disease. European Journal of Neurology, 26(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13886
Coricelli, G. (2005). Two-levels of mental states attribution: From automaticity to voluntariness. Neuropsychologia, 43(2 SPEC. ISS.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.11.015
Coundouris, S. P., Adams, A. G., Grainger, S. A., & Henry, J. D. (2019). Social perceptual function in parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.011
Coundouris, S. P., Adams, A. G., & Henry, J. D. (2020). Empathy and theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 109, 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.030
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.030 pubmed: 31899300
Czernecki, V., Benchetrit, E., Houot, M., Pineau, F., Mangone, G., Corvol, J. C., ... Levy, R. (2021). Social cognitive impairment in early Parkinson’s disease: A novel “mild impairment”? Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 85, 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.02.023
doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.02.023 pubmed: 33812772
Desmarais, P., Lanctôt, K. L., Masellis, M., Black, S. E., & Herrmann, N. (2018). Social inappropriateness in neurodegenerative disorders. International Psychogeriatrics 30(2). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610217001260
Devignes, Q., Lopes, R., & Dujardin, K. (2022). Neuroimaging outcomes associated with mild cognitive impairment subtypes in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.02.006
Devignes, Q., Viard, R., Betrouni, N., Carey, G., Kuchcinski, G., Defebvre, L., ... Dujardin, K. (2021). Posterior cortical cognitive deficits are associated with structural brain alterations in mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.668559
Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135–168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750 pubmed: 23020641
Díez-Cirarda, M., Ojeda, N., Peña, J., Cabrera-Zubizarreta, A., Gómez-Beldarrain, M. Á., Gómez-Esteban, J. C., & Ibarretxe-Bilbao, N. (2015). Neuroanatomical correlates of theory of mind deficit in Parkinson’s disease: A multimodal imaging study. PLoS ONE, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142234
Dodich, A., Funghi, G., Meli, C., Pennacchio, M., Longo, C., Malaguti, M. C., ... Papagno, C. (2022). Deficits in Emotion Recognition and Theory of Mind in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With and Without Cognitive Impairments. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 866809. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.866809
Emre, M., Aarsland, D., Brown, R., Burn, D. J., Duyckaerts, C., Mizuno, Y., … Dubois, B. (2007). Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders 22(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21507
Enrici, I., Mitkova, A., Castelli, L., Lanotte, M., Lopiano, L., & Adenzato, M. (2017). Deep Brain Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus does not negatively affect social cognitive abilities of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Scientific Reports, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09737-6
Enticott, P. G., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2006). Elucidation of impulsivity. Australian Psychologist, 41(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060500391894
Eramudugolla, R., Huynh, K., Zhou, S., Amos, J. G., & Anstey, K. J. (2022). Social cognition and social functioning in MCI and Dementia in an epidemiological sample. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 28(7). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617721000898
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
Fitch, W. T., Huber, L., & Bugnyar, T. (2010). Social cognition and the evolution of language: Constructing cognitive phylogenies. Neuron 65(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.011
Foley, J. A., Lancaster, C., Poznyak, E., Borejko, O., Niven, E., Foltynie, T., ... Cipolotti, L. (2019). Impairment in theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease is explained by deficits in inhibition. Parkinson’s Disease, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5480913
Friedman, N. P., & Miyake, A. (2004). The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: A Latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(1). https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.101
Goldman, J. G., Holden, S., Ouyang, B., Bernard, B., Goetz, C. G., & Stebbins, G. T. (2015). Diagnosing PD-MCI by MDS task force criteria: How many and which neuropsychological tests? Movement Disorders, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26084
Happé, F. G. E. (1994). An advanced test of theory of mind: Understanding of story characters’ thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02172093
Henry, J. D., Von Hippel, W., Molenberghs, P., Lee, T., & Sachdev, P. S. (2016). Clinical assessment of social cognitive function in neurological disorders. Nature Reviews Neurology 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2015.229
Hooker, C. I., Bruce, L., Fisher, M., Verosky, S. C., Miyakawa, A., D’Esposito, M., & Vinogradov, S. (2013). The influence of combined cognitive plus social-cognitive training on amygdala response during face emotion recognition in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging, 213(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.04.001
Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., Kilford, L., & Lees, A. J. (1992). Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 55(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.55.3.181
Ibarretxe-Bilbao, N., Junque, C., Tolosa, E., Marti, M. J., Valldeoriola, F., Bargallo, N., & Zarei, M. (2009). Neuroanatomical correlates of impaired decision-making and facial emotion recognition in early Parkinson’s disease. European Journal of Neuroscience, 30(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06892.x
IBM. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics for windows (Version 26.0) Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Inzelberg, R., Schechtman, E., & Hocherman, S. (2008). Visuo-motor coordination deficits and motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease. PLoS ONE, 3(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003663
Isaacowitz, D. M., Löckenhoff, C. E., Lane, R. D., Wright, R., Sechrest, L., Riedel, R., & Costa, P. T. (2007). Age differences in recognition of emotion in lexical stimuli and facial expressions. Psychology and Aging, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.1.147
Kalbe, E., Schlegel, M., Sack, A. T., Nowak, D. A., Dafotakis, M., Bangard, C., ... Kessler, J. (2010a). Dissociating cognitive from affective theory of mind: A TMS study. Cortex. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.07.010
Kalbe, E., Schlegel, M., Sack, A. T., Nowak, D. A., Dafotakis, M., Bangard, C., ... Kessler, J. (2010). Dissociating cognitive from affective theory of mind: A TMS study. Cortex, 46(6), 769–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.07.010
Kempnich, C. L., Wong, D., Georgiou-Karistianis, N., & Stout, J. C. (2017). Feasibility and Efficacy of Brief Computerized Training to Improve Emotion Recognition in Premanifest and Early-Symptomatic Huntington’s Disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617717000145
Kosutzka, Z., Kralova, M., Kusnirova, A., Papayova, M., Valkovic, P., Csefalvay, Z., & Hajduk, M. (2019). Neurocognitive Predictors of Understanding of Intentions in Parkinson Disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 32(4), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988719841727
doi: 10.1177/0891988719841727 pubmed: 30961413
Kulisevsky, J. (2000). Role of dopamine in learning and memory: Implications for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Drugs and Aging 16(5). https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200016050-00006
Kumaran, D., Banino, A., Blundell, C., Hassabis, D., & Dayan, P. (2016). Computations underlying social hierarchy learning: Distinct neural mechanisms for updating and representing self-relevant information. Neuron, 92(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.052
Kumfor, F., Miller, L., Lah, S., Hsieh, S., Savage, S., Hodges, J. R., & Piguet, O. (2011). Are you really angry? The effect of intensity on facial emotion recognition in frontotemporal dementia. Social Neuroscience, 6(5–6). https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2011.620779
Laillier, R., Viard, A., Caillaud, M., Duclos, H., Bejanin, A., de La Sayette, V., ... Laisney, M. (2019). Neurocognitive determinants of theory of mind across the adult lifespan. Brain and Cognition, 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2019.103588
Laurita, A. C., & Spreng, R. N. (2017). The hippocampus and social cognition. The Hippocampus from Cells to Systems: Structure, Connectivity, and Functional Contributions to Memory and Flexible Cognition. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50406-3_17
Litvan, I., Goldman, J. G., Tröster, A. I., Schmand, B. A., Weintraub, D., Petersen, R. C., ... Emre, M. (2012). Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: Movement Disorder Society Task Force guidelines. Movement Disorders, 27(3), 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.24893
Liu, L., Luo, X. G., Dy, C. L., Ren, Y., Feng, Y., Yu, H. M., ... He, Z. Y. (2015). Characteristics of language impairment in Parkinson’s disease and its influencing factors. Translational Neurodegeneration, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-9158-4-2
MacOir, J., Fossard, M., Mérette, C., Langlois, M., Chantal, S., & Auclair-Ouellet, N. (2013). The role of basal ganglia in language production: Evidence from Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-130182
Maggi, G., Cima Muñoz, A. M., Obeso, I., & Santangelo, G. (2022). Neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and clinical correlates of affective and cognitive theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000807
Maggi, G., Di Meglio, D., Vitale, C., Amboni, M., Obeso, I., & Santangelo, G. (2022). The impact of executive dysfunctions on Theory of Mind abilities in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia, 176, 108389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108389
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108389 pubmed: 36206823
Maggi, G., D’Iorio, A., Aiello, E. N., Poletti, B., Ticozzi, N., Silani, V., ... Santangelo, G. (2023). Psychometrics and diagnostics of the Italian version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in Parkinson’s disease. Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-023-06619-w
McCade, D., Savage, G., Guastella, A., Lewis, S. J. G., & Naismith, S. L. (2013). Emotion recognition deficits exist in mild cognitive impairment, but only in the amnestic subtype. Psychology and Aging, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033077
McKinlay, A., Albicini, M., & Kavanagh, P. S. (2013). The effect of cognitive status and visuospatial performance on affective theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S49104
Michaelian, J. C., Duffy, S. L., Mowszowski, L., Guastella, A. J., McCade, D., McKinnon, A. C., & Naismith, S. L. (2021). Poorer Theory of Mind in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Decreased Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 81(3). https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-201284
Michaelian, J. C., Mowszowski, L., Guastella, A. J., Henry, J. D., Duffy, S., McCade, D., & Naismith, S. L. (2019). Theory of mind in mild cognitive impairment - Relationship with limbic structures and behavioural change. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 25(10), 1023–1034. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617719000870
doi: 10.1017/S1355617719000870 pubmed: 31462342
Moreau, N., Rauzy, S., Bonnefoi, B., Renié, L., Martinez-Almoyna, L., Viallet, F., & Champagne-Lavau, M. (2015). Different Patterns of Theory of Mind Impairment in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 45(2), 581–597. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-143021
doi: 10.3233/JAD-143021 pubmed: 25589727
Oakley, B. F. M., Brewer, R., Bird, G., & Catmur, C. (2016). Theory of mind is not theory of emotion: A cautionary note on the reading the mind in the eyes test. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000182
Obeso, I., Wilkinson, L., Casabona, E., Bringas, M. L., Álvarez, M., Álvarez, L., ... Jahanshahi, M. (2011). Deficits in inhibitory control and conflict resolution on cognitive and motor tasks in Parkinson’s disease. Experimental Brain Research, 212(3), 371–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2736-6
Olderbak, S., Wilhelm, O., Olaru, G., Geiger, M., Brenneman, M. W., & Roberts, R. D. (2015). A psychometric analysis of the reading the mind in the eyes test: Toward a brief form for research and applied settings. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(OCT). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01503
Olson, I. R., McCoy, D., Klobusicky, E., & Ross, L. A. (2013). Social cognition and the anterior temporal lobes: A review and theoretical framework. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss119
Péron, J., le Jeune, F., Haegelen, C., Dondaine, T., Drapier, D., Sauleau, P., ... Vérin, M. (2010). Subthalamic nucleus stimulation affects theory of mind network: A PET study in Parkinson’s disease. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009919
Péron, J., Vicente, S., Leray, E., Drapier, S., Drapier, D., Cohen, R., ... Vérin, M. (2009). Are dopaminergic pathways involved in theory of mind? A study in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia, 47(2), 406–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.008
Phillips, A. T., Wellman, H. M., & Spelke, E. S. (2002). Infants’ ability to connect gaze and emotional expression to intentional action. Cognition, 85(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(02)00073-2
Pineda-Pardo, J. D. S. A., Sánchez-Ferro, Á., Monje, M. H. G., Pavese, N., & Obeso, J. A. (2022). Onset pattern of nigrostriatal denervation in early Parkinson’s disease. Brain, 145(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab378
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.3.879 pubmed: 18697684
Quesque, F., & Rossetti, Y. (2020). What Do Theory-of-Mind Tasks Actually Measure? Theory and Practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619896607
Rabin, J. S., Gilboa, A., Stuss, D. T., Mar, R. A., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2010). Common and unique neural correlates of autobiographical memory and theory of mind. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(6). https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21344
Rane, S., Donahue, M. J., & Claassen, D. O. (2018). Amnestic mild cognitive impairment individuals with dissimilar pathologic origins show common regional vulnerability in the default mode network. Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadm.2018.08.004
Reddy, L., Zoefel, B., Possel, J. K., Peters, J., Dijksterhuis, D. E., Poncet, M., ... Self, M. W. (2021). Human hippocampal neurons track moments in a sequence of events. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(31). https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3157-20.2021
Rodriguez-Oroz, M. C., Jahanshahi, M., Krack, P., Litvan, I., Macias, R., Bezard, E., & Obeso, J. A. (2009). Initial clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease: features and pathophysiological mechanisms. The Lancet Neurology 8(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70293-5
Rubin, R. D., Watson, P. D., Duff, M. C., & Cohen, N. J. (2014). The role of the hippocampus in flexible cognition and social behavior. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8(SEP). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00742
Ruppert, M. C., Greuel, A., Freigang, J., Tahmasian, M., Maier, F., Hammes, J., ... Eggers, C. (2021). The default mode network and cognition in Parkinson’s disease: A multimodal resting-state network approach. Human Brain Mapping, 42(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25393
Sagliano, L., Maiese, B., & Trojano, L. (2020). Danger is in the eyes of the beholder: The effect of visible and invisible affective faces on the judgment of social interactions. Cognition, 203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104371
Saltzman, J., Strauss, E., Hunter, M., & Archibald, S. (2000). Theory of mind and executive functions in normal human aging and Parkinson’s disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6(7), 781–788. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617700677056
doi: 10.1017/S1355617700677056 pubmed: 11105468
Santangelo, G., Siciliano, M., Pedone, R., Vitale, C., Falco, F., Bisogno, R., ... Trojano, L. (2015). Normative data for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in an Italian population sample. Neurological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1995-y
Sawada, Y., Nishio, Y., Suzuki, K., Hirayama, K., Takeda, A., Hosokai, Y., ... Mori, E. (2012). Attentional set-shifting deficit in parkinson’s disease is associated with prefrontal dysfunction: An FDG-PET study. PLoS ONE, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038498
Schurz, M., Radua, J., Aichhorn, M., Richlan, F., & Perner, J. (2014). Fractionating theory of mind: A meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 42, 9–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.01.009
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.01.009 pubmed: 24486722
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., & Aharon-Peretz, J. (2007). Dissociable prefrontal networks for cognitive and affective theory of mind: A lesion study. Neuropsychologia, 45(13), 3054–3067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.05.021
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.05.021 pubmed: 17640690
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Tomer, R., Goldsher, D., Berger, B. D., & Aharon-Peretz, J. (2004). Impairment in cognitive and affective empathy in patients with brain lesions: Anatomical and cognitive correlates. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390490515531
Spreng, R. N., Mar, R. A., & Kim, A. S. (2009). The common neural basis of autobiographical memory, prospection, navigation, theory of mind, and the default mode: a quantitative meta-analysis. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 21(3), 489–510. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21029
doi: 10.1162/jocn.2008.21029 pubmed: 18510452
Spreng, R. N., & Grady, C. L. (2010). Patterns of brain activity supporting autobiographical memory, prospection, and theory of mind, and their relationship to the default mode network. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(6). https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21282
Tavares, R. M., Mendelsohn, A., Grossman, Y., Williams, C. H., Shapiro, M., Trope, Y., & Schiller, D. (2015). A map for social navigation in the human brain. Neuron, 87(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.06.011
Tykalová, T., Rusz, J., Čmejla, R., Klempíř, J., Růžičková, H., Roth, J., & Růžička, E. (2015). Effect of dopaminergic medication on speech dysfluency in Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal study. Journal of Neural Transmission, 122(8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-015-1363-y
Valk, S. L., Bernhardt, B. C., Trautwein, F. M., Böckler, A., Kanske, P., Guizard, N., ... Singer, T. (2017). Structural plasticity of the social brain: Differential change after socio-affective and cognitive mental training. Science Advances, 3(10). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700489
Van Nuland, A. J., Helmich, R. C., Dirkx, M. F., Zach, H., Toni, I., Cools, R., & Den Ouden, H. E. M. (2021). Effects of dopamine on reinforcement learning in Parkinson’s disease depend on motor phenotype. Brain, 143(11). https://doi.org/10.1093/BRAIN/AWAA335
White, S. J., Coniston, D., Rogers, R., & Frith, U. (2011). Developing the Frith-Happé animations: A quick and objective test of Theory of Mind for adults with autism. Autism Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.174
Zgaljardic, D., Borod, J., Foldi, N., Mattis, P., Gordon, M., Feigin, A., & Eidelberg, D. (2006). An examination of executive dysfunction associated with frontostriatal circuitry in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 28(7), 1127–1144. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390500246910
doi: 10.1080/13803390500246910 pubmed: 16840240 pmcid: 4456005

Auteurs

Gianpaolo Maggi (G)

Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy. gianpaolo.maggi@unicampania.it.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3155-739X

Chiara Giacobbe (C)

Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.

Carmine Vitale (C)

Institute of Diagnosis and Health, IDC-Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.
Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University "Parthenope, Naples, Italy.

Marianna Amboni (M)

Institute of Diagnosis and Health, IDC-Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.

Ignacio Obeso (I)

HM Hospitales - Centro Integral de Neurociencias AC HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Avda. Carlos V, 70. 28938, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain. i.obesomartin@gmail.com.
Department of Psychobiology and Methods on Behavioural Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. i.obesomartin@gmail.com.

Gabriella Santangelo (G)

Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy. gabriella.santangelo@unicampania.it.

Classifications MeSH