Cesena guidelines: WSES consensus statement on laparoscopic-first approach to general surgery emergencies and abdominal trauma.
Acute appendicitis
Acute care surgery
Acute cholecystitis
Acute diverticulitis
Acute pancreatitis
Acute peritonitis
Adhesive small bowel obstruction
Colo–rectal emergencies
Emergency general surgery
Guidelines
Incarcerated/complicated ventral/inguinal hernia
Laparoscopic approach
Laparoscopy
Mesenteric ischemia
Minimally invasive surgery/approach
Penetrating/blunt abdominal trauma
Perforated peptic ulcer
Recommendations
Trauma surgery hemodynamic stability
Journal
World journal of emergency surgery : WJES
ISSN: 1749-7922
Titre abrégé: World J Emerg Surg
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101266603
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 Dec 2023
08 Dec 2023
Historique:
received:
26
09
2023
accepted:
01
11
2023
medline:
9
12
2023
pubmed:
9
12
2023
entrez:
9
12
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Laparoscopy is widely adopted across nearly all surgical subspecialties in the elective setting. Initially finding indication in minor abdominal emergencies, it has gradually become the standard approach in the majority of elective general surgery procedures. Despite many technological advances and increasing acceptance, the laparoscopic approach remains underutilized in emergency general surgery and in abdominal trauma. Emergency laparotomy continues to carry a high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, there has been a growing interest from emergency and trauma surgeons in adopting minimally invasive surgery approaches in the acute surgical setting. The present position paper, supported by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), aims to provide a review of the literature to reach a consensus on the indications and benefits of a laparoscopic-first approach in patients requiring emergency abdominal surgery for general surgery emergencies or abdominal trauma. This position paper was developed according to the WSES methodology. A steering committee performed the literature review and drafted the position paper. An international panel of 54 experts then critically revised the manuscript and discussed it in detail, to develop a consensus on a position statement. A total of 323 studies (systematic review and meta-analysis, randomized clinical trial, retrospective comparative cohort studies, case series) have been selected from an initial pool of 7409 studies. Evidence demonstrates several benefits of the laparoscopic approach in stable patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery for general surgical emergencies or abdominal trauma. The selection of a stable patient seems to be of paramount importance for a safe adoption of a laparoscopic approach. In hemodynamically stable patients, the laparoscopic approach was found to be safe, feasible and effective as a therapeutic tool or helpful to identify further management steps and needs, resulting in improved outcomes, regardless of conversion. Appropriate patient selection, surgeon experience and rigorous minimally invasive surgical training, remain crucial factors to increase the adoption of laparoscopy in emergency general surgery and abdominal trauma. The WSES expert panel suggests laparoscopy as the first approach for stable patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery for general surgery emergencies and abdominal trauma.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Laparoscopy is widely adopted across nearly all surgical subspecialties in the elective setting. Initially finding indication in minor abdominal emergencies, it has gradually become the standard approach in the majority of elective general surgery procedures. Despite many technological advances and increasing acceptance, the laparoscopic approach remains underutilized in emergency general surgery and in abdominal trauma. Emergency laparotomy continues to carry a high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, there has been a growing interest from emergency and trauma surgeons in adopting minimally invasive surgery approaches in the acute surgical setting. The present position paper, supported by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), aims to provide a review of the literature to reach a consensus on the indications and benefits of a laparoscopic-first approach in patients requiring emergency abdominal surgery for general surgery emergencies or abdominal trauma.
METHODS
METHODS
This position paper was developed according to the WSES methodology. A steering committee performed the literature review and drafted the position paper. An international panel of 54 experts then critically revised the manuscript and discussed it in detail, to develop a consensus on a position statement.
RESULTS
RESULTS
A total of 323 studies (systematic review and meta-analysis, randomized clinical trial, retrospective comparative cohort studies, case series) have been selected from an initial pool of 7409 studies. Evidence demonstrates several benefits of the laparoscopic approach in stable patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery for general surgical emergencies or abdominal trauma. The selection of a stable patient seems to be of paramount importance for a safe adoption of a laparoscopic approach. In hemodynamically stable patients, the laparoscopic approach was found to be safe, feasible and effective as a therapeutic tool or helpful to identify further management steps and needs, resulting in improved outcomes, regardless of conversion. Appropriate patient selection, surgeon experience and rigorous minimally invasive surgical training, remain crucial factors to increase the adoption of laparoscopy in emergency general surgery and abdominal trauma.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The WSES expert panel suggests laparoscopy as the first approach for stable patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery for general surgery emergencies and abdominal trauma.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38066631
doi: 10.1186/s13017-023-00520-9
pii: 10.1186/s13017-023-00520-9
pmc: PMC10704840
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
57Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
Am J Surg. 2020 Apr;219(4):613-621
pubmed: 31122678
Surg Endosc. 2020 Jan;34(1):116-125
pubmed: 30919056
Int J Surg. 2015 Jun;18:196-204
pubmed: 25958296
Circulation. 2017 Feb 14;135(7):700-710
pubmed: 28193800
J Surg Oncol. 2021 Aug;124(2):246-249
pubmed: 34245577
J Minim Access Surg. 2016 Jan-Mar;12(1):4-9
pubmed: 26917912
Surg Endosc. 2002 Jul;16(7):1121-43
pubmed: 12015619
J Trauma. 1995 Mar;38(3):350-6
pubmed: 7897713
Int Surg. 2015 Feb;100(2):370-5
pubmed: 25692444
J Gastrointest Surg. 2020 Jan;24(1):221-230
pubmed: 31637626
Hernia. 2020 Apr;24(2):359-368
pubmed: 31407109
Anaesth Intensive Care. 1989 Aug;17(3):359-61
pubmed: 2528303
J Gastrointest Surg. 2018 Dec;22(12):2117-2124
pubmed: 29992520
Ann Surg. 2001 Sep;234(3):395-402; discussion 402-3
pubmed: 11524592
Int J Med Robot. 2022 Dec;18(6):e2454
pubmed: 35998074
Surgery. 2021 Jul;170(1):194-206
pubmed: 33541746
Surg Endosc. 2016 Sep;30(9):4029-32
pubmed: 26701703
J Clin Anesth. 1990 Mar-Apr;2(2):129-32
pubmed: 2140690
JSLS. 2017 Apr-Jun;21(2):
pubmed: 28584502
World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jun 28;13(24):3350-3
pubmed: 17659674
J Trauma. 2009 Sep;67(3):589-95
pubmed: 19741405
World J Surg. 2015 Dec;39(12):2862-71
pubmed: 26316111
Endoscopy. 2009 Nov;41(11):941-51
pubmed: 19866393
Ann Surg. 1982 Sep;196(3):338-44
pubmed: 7114938
Surg Endosc. 2021 Oct;35(10):5583-5592
pubmed: 33030590
Surg Endosc. 2020 Aug;34(8):3679-3689
pubmed: 31754849
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019 Apr;86(4):609-616
pubmed: 30589750
Gut. 2013 Jan;62(1):102-11
pubmed: 23100216
Colorectal Dis. 2012 May;14(5):e208-15
pubmed: 22309304
J Trauma. 1994 Jun;36(6):815-8; discussion 818-9
pubmed: 8015003
Surg Endosc. 2020 May;34(5):2237-2242
pubmed: 31376011
Ann Surg. 2023 Jul 17;:
pubmed: 37450700
Surg Endosc. 2004 Oct;18(10):1485-7
pubmed: 15791374
Int J Surg. 2017 Apr;40:187-197
pubmed: 28302449
World J Emerg Surg. 2022 Feb 10;17(1):10
pubmed: 35144645
Am Surg. 2021 Apr;87(4):561-567
pubmed: 33118383
J Trauma. 1993 Jun;34(6):822-7; discussion 827-8
pubmed: 8315677
Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022 Feb;48(1):87-96
pubmed: 32951071
Br J Surg. 2014 Jan;101(1):e109-18
pubmed: 24273018
Surg Endosc. 2019 Oct;33(10):3209-3217
pubmed: 30460502
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2017 Apr;27(4):383-387
pubmed: 28253051
Am J Surg. 2017 Feb;213(2):217-221
pubmed: 27776755
Ann Surg. 2020 May;271(5):898-905
pubmed: 30499802
Ann Surg. 2022 May 1;275(5):928-932
pubmed: 33201117
Ann Surg. 2017 Sep;266(3):489-498
pubmed: 28657949
Am J Surg. 2019 Apr;217(4):732-738
pubmed: 30638727
World J Emerg Surg. 2018 Feb 2;13:7
pubmed: 29434652
J Trauma. 2003 Oct;55(4):636-45
pubmed: 14566116
Br J Surg. 2021 Dec 1;108(12):1433-1437
pubmed: 34791044
Int J Surg. 2016 May;29:85-94
pubmed: 26992652
Tech Coloproctol. 2021 Apr;25(4):371-383
pubmed: 33230649
Int Surg. 1998 Oct-Dec;83(4):294-8
pubmed: 10096745
Surg Endosc. 2009 Sep;23(9):2016-25
pubmed: 19462205
World J Emerg Surg. 2019 Apr 16;14:19
pubmed: 31015859
Eur J Epidemiol. 2010 Sep;25(9):603-5
pubmed: 20652370
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Apr;4(4):278-286
pubmed: 30765264
Ann Surg. 2016 Jul;264(1):127-34
pubmed: 26421688
Br J Surg. 2023 Jun 12;110(7):846-851
pubmed: 37202860
JAMA Surg. 2015 Feb;150(2):169-72
pubmed: 25548997
World J Emerg Surg. 2013 Oct 10;8(1):42
pubmed: 24112637
World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Jun 1;15(1):37
pubmed: 32487136
BMJ. 2008 Apr 26;336(7650):924-6
pubmed: 18436948
Surgeon. 2023 Aug;21(4):e201-e223
pubmed: 36577652
Surg Endosc. 2016 Aug;30(8):3321-6
pubmed: 26490770
Crit Care. 2013 Aug 12;17(4):R172
pubmed: 23938104
Int J Surg Case Rep. 2019;61:322-326
pubmed: 31401077
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 Jun;88(6):866-874
pubmed: 32195994
Updates Surg. 2023 Apr;75(3):649-657
pubmed: 36192594
Anesthesiology. 1991 Jun;74(6):1151-3
pubmed: 1828331
World J Surg. 2021 Feb;45(2):417-419
pubmed: 32591845
Surg Endosc. 2022 May;36(5):2760-2770
pubmed: 35113211
J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 01;10(7):
pubmed: 33916216
Eur J Radiol. 2020 Sep;130:109187
pubmed: 32745896
Ann Surg Oncol. 2014 Mar;21(3):829-40
pubmed: 24217787
Surg Endosc. 2016 Jul;30(7):3007-13
pubmed: 26487223
BMC Gastroenterol. 2010 Nov 03;10:129
pubmed: 21047410
J Robot Surg. 2023 Oct;17(5):2187-2193
pubmed: 37271758
World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Apr 15;15(1):27
pubmed: 32295644
Gastroenterology. 2011 Oct;141(4):1254-63
pubmed: 21741922
Ann Surg. 2012 Aug;256(2):387-93
pubmed: 22580935
Surg Clin North Am. 2012 Dec;92(6):1661-77
pubmed: 23153889
Updates Surg. 2021 Aug;73(4):1515-1531
pubmed: 33837949
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016 Dec;81(6):1035-1038
pubmed: 27879614
World J Emerg Surg. 2015 Mar 08;10:14
pubmed: 25870652
Hernia. 2022 Aug;26(4):1063-1068
pubmed: 34661771
J Am Coll Surg. 1998 Dec;187(6):626-30
pubmed: 9849737
J Trauma. 2002 Aug;53(2):297-302; discussion 302
pubmed: 12169937
Surg Endosc. 2022 Nov;36(11):8421-8429
pubmed: 35229212
Surg Endosc. 2016 Dec;30(12):5572-5582
pubmed: 27129566
Arch Surg. 2009 Dec;144(12):1127-32
pubmed: 20026830
Br J Surg. 2021 Aug 19;108(8):934-940
pubmed: 33724351
JAMA Surg. 2021 May 1;156(5):479-487
pubmed: 33729435
Surg Endosc. 2015 Dec;29(12):3432-42
pubmed: 25840892
J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 24;10(9):
pubmed: 33923206
J Surg Res. 2017 Nov;219:347-353
pubmed: 29078904
Surg Endosc. 2008 Jan;22(1):228-31
pubmed: 17721808
Colorectal Dis. 2007 Oct;9 Suppl 2:60-5
pubmed: 17824972
BJS Open. 2021 Nov 9;5(6):
pubmed: 34750614
JAMA Surg. 2015 Feb;150(2):159-68
pubmed: 25548894
Updates Surg. 2022 Dec;74(6):1797-1803
pubmed: 36207659
Updates Surg. 2020 Mar;72(1):185-191
pubmed: 32077062
Br J Surg. 2021 Apr 30;108(4):351-358
pubmed: 33779690
Br J Surg. 2014 Aug;101(9):1153-9
pubmed: 24977342
Am J Surg. 2020 Aug;220(2):309-315
pubmed: 32067703
Am J Surg. 2016 Jul;212(1):138-50
pubmed: 27162071
Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016;26:77-80
pubmed: 27474829
World J Emerg Surg. 2014 May 14;9:37
pubmed: 24883079
Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;51:352-357
pubmed: 30248629
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Nov 28;11:CD001546
pubmed: 30484855
World J Surg. 2013 Feb;37(2):424-9
pubmed: 23052817
Surg Endosc. 2011 Apr;25(4):1199-208
pubmed: 20848140
J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2013 Jan;20(1):8-23
pubmed: 23307004
Hernia. 2008 Oct;12(5):457-63
pubmed: 18459033
Work. 2009;33(2):165-8
pubmed: 19713625
Surg J (N Y). 2023 Mar 03;9(1):e58-e61
pubmed: 36873295
World J Emerg Surg. 2022 Oct 19;17(1):54
pubmed: 36261857
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023 Jan 1;94(1):e1-e13
pubmed: 36252181
BMC Gastroenterol. 2015 Apr 15;15:48
pubmed: 25884671
World J Surg. 2017 Dec;41(12):3083-3099
pubmed: 28717908
Surgery. 2021 Feb;169(2):227-231
pubmed: 32718803
Ann Surg. 2018 Apr;267(4):743-748
pubmed: 28207436
J Surg Educ. 2013 Nov-Dec;70(6):683-9
pubmed: 24209640
World J Surg. 2013 Jan;37(1):113-22
pubmed: 23052797
J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018 Jan;25(1):55-72
pubmed: 29045062
JAMA Surg. 2019 May 1;154(5):413-420
pubmed: 30698610
World J Emerg Surg. 2022 Jul 25;17(1):41
pubmed: 35879801
Colorectal Dis. 2015 Oct;17 Suppl 3:12-5
pubmed: 26394737
Surg Endosc. 2017 May;31(5):2180-2186
pubmed: 27585468
Surg Endosc. 2022 Jun;36(6):3822-3832
pubmed: 34477959
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2022 Jun 01;32(3):362-367
pubmed: 35583576
Surg Innov. 2008 Mar;15(1):26-31
pubmed: 18407927
Surg Endosc. 2011 Sep;25(9):2932-42
pubmed: 21424194
J Surg Educ. 2011 Jul-Aug;68(4):282-9
pubmed: 21708364
World J Emerg Surg. 2008 May 30;3:19
pubmed: 18513422
World J Emerg Surg. 2006 Aug 31;1:24
pubmed: 16945124
Am Surg. 2012 Nov;78(11):1219-23
pubmed: 23089438
BMC Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar 15;16:37
pubmed: 26979491
World J Emerg Surg. 2006 Mar 24;1:9
pubmed: 16759400
World J Gastrointest Surg. 2017 Jan 27;9(1):13-18
pubmed: 28138364
World J Surg. 2010 Mar;34(3):397-402
pubmed: 19685261
World J Surg. 2022 Nov;46(11):2616-2624
pubmed: 36059039
J Clin Neurosci. 2002 Sep;9(5):592-3
pubmed: 12383425
J Visc Surg. 2015 Dec;152(6 Suppl):S65-71
pubmed: 26522503
J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2019 Apr;26(4):123-127
pubmed: 30828991
World J Emerg Surg. 2023 Jan 27;18(1):11
pubmed: 36707879
Surg Endosc. 2023 Apr;37(4):2421-2438
pubmed: 36289089
Int J Surg. 2018 Jul;55:117-123
pubmed: 29807172
Syst Rev. 2020 Apr 30;9(1):98
pubmed: 32354349
Surg Endosc. 2022 Jul;36(7):4685-4700
pubmed: 35286471
Surgeon. 2016 Oct;14(5):287-93
pubmed: 26805472
World J Emerg Surg. 2013 Apr 05;8:14
pubmed: 23561288
BJS Open. 2019 Feb 12;3(2):146-152
pubmed: 30957060
J Trauma. 1995 Sep;39(3):501-4; discussion 504-6
pubmed: 7473915
Br J Surg. 2016 Apr;103(5):493-503
pubmed: 26898718
Int J Surg. 2015 Aug;20:65-74
pubmed: 26074289
Surgery. 2007 Oct;142(4):505-11; discussion 511-3
pubmed: 17950342
World J Emerg Surg. 2017 Jan 18;12:4
pubmed: 28115983
Am Surg. 2015 Aug;81(8):829-34
pubmed: 26215249
Surg Endosc. 2022 Feb;36(2):1424-1432
pubmed: 33770277
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 22;6:CD000072
pubmed: 28639262
World J Emerg Surg. 2007 Feb 08;2:3
pubmed: 17288587
World J Emerg Surg. 2016 Nov 16;11:54
pubmed: 27891173
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019 Feb;86(2):344-367
pubmed: 30489508
Surg Today. 2013 Mar;43(3):313-6
pubmed: 22760591
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Aug;193(2):432-7
pubmed: 19620440
World J Gastrointest Surg. 2019 Feb 27;11(2):62-84
pubmed: 30842813
Surg Clin North Am. 1997 Aug;77(4):761-77
pubmed: 9291979
Surg Endosc. 2012 Aug;26(8):2134-64
pubmed: 22736283
Surg Endosc. 2022 Jun;36(6):4499-4506
pubmed: 34724578
Chem Sci. 2017 Nov 1;8(11):7696-7704
pubmed: 29568432
Hernia. 2019 Dec;23(6):1081-1091
pubmed: 31754953
JAMA Surg. 2021 Feb 1;156(2):121-127
pubmed: 33355658
Am J Surg. 2014 Jan;207(1):146-57
pubmed: 24238602
World J Emerg Surg. 2021 Sep 8;16(1):45
pubmed: 34496916
Surg Endosc. 2016 Oct;30(10):4454-63
pubmed: 26928189
Int J Colorectal Dis. 2023 May 25;38(1):142
pubmed: 37225935
Ann Surg. 2003 Sep;238(3):391-9; discussion 399-400
pubmed: 14501505
Ann Surg. 2015 Mar 13;265(5):e62
pubmed: 25775074
World J Emerg Surg. 2022 Mar 4;17(1):13
pubmed: 35246190
PLoS One. 2018 Feb 22;13(2):e0193379
pubmed: 29470527
J Pediatr Surg. 2013 May;48(5):1123-8
pubmed: 23701792
Surg Endosc. 2019 May;33(5):1618-1625
pubmed: 30209608
Hum Factors. 2021 Dec;63(8):1352-1379
pubmed: 32613863
J Trauma. 1995 Feb;38(2):194-7
pubmed: 7869434
Vascular. 2017 Aug;25(4):430-438
pubmed: 28121281
Colorectal Dis. 2021 Nov;23(11):2806-2820
pubmed: 34318575
Surg Endosc. 2018 Mar;32(3):1344-1352
pubmed: 28799045
Int J Surg. 2013;11(10):1043-7
pubmed: 24161417
Tech Coloproctol. 2021 Feb;25(2):153-165
pubmed: 33155148
World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Mar 30;15(1):24
pubmed: 32228707
BMC Anesthesiol. 2021 Mar 30;21(1):95
pubmed: 33784987
Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2023 Jan 24;408(1):62
pubmed: 36692646
Am J Surg. 2016 Jul;212(1):34-9
pubmed: 26754456
Emerg Radiol. 2022 Jun;29(3):531-544
pubmed: 35122558
World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar 7;22(9):2701-10
pubmed: 26973409
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2018 Feb;28(1):1-12
pubmed: 28915204
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2001 Aug;11(4):207-11
pubmed: 11569509
World J Emerg Surg. 2020 May 7;15(1):32
pubmed: 32381121
Chest. 1996 Sep;110(3):810-5
pubmed: 8797429
Surg Endosc. 2021 Nov;35(11):6173-6178
pubmed: 33104916
BMJ Evid Based Med. 2018 Apr;23(2):60-63
pubmed: 29420178
Surg Endosc. 2021 Apr;35(4):1511-1520
pubmed: 33398590
Crit Care. 2013 Mar 06;17(2):R42
pubmed: 23497602
Pancreatology. 2022 Nov;22(7):902-916
pubmed: 35963665
World J Emerg Surg. 2017 Aug 7;12:38
pubmed: 28794797
Surg Endosc. 2003 Mar;17(3):421-7
pubmed: 12457215
Ann Surg. 2015 Aug;262(2):260-6
pubmed: 25521669
World J Emerg Surg. 2022 Mar 18;17(1):18
pubmed: 35300708
Am J Surg. 2011 Sep;202(3):265-72
pubmed: 21658672
Chirurg. 2003 May;74(5):419-31
pubmed: 12748790
Scand J Surg. 2017 Mar;106(1):28-33
pubmed: 27048680
Int J Colorectal Dis. 2016 Dec;31(12):1807-1815
pubmed: 27714517
Br J Surg. 2003 Dec;90(12):1479-92
pubmed: 14648725
Surg Endosc. 2015 Jul;29(7):1769-80
pubmed: 25294541
Cureus. 2021 Mar 26;13(3):e14124
pubmed: 33927932
Ann Surg. 1997 Mar;225(3):268-73
pubmed: 9060582
Surg Endosc. 2018 Dec;32(12):4999-5005
pubmed: 29959522
Endoscopy. 2005 Nov;37(11):1116-22
pubmed: 16281142
BMJ. 2009 Jul 21;339:b2535
pubmed: 19622551
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 28;18(11):
pubmed: 34071312
Ann Surg. 2009 Nov;250(5):825-30
pubmed: 19916210
J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2013 Jan;20(1):89-96
pubmed: 23307007
Health Sci Rep. 2022 May 24;5(3):e640
pubmed: 35620533
Int J Colorectal Dis. 2022 Dec;37(12):2421-2430
pubmed: 36416926
Surg Endosc. 2016 Nov;30(11):5068-5076
pubmed: 27059965
Updates Surg. 2023 Jan;75(1):23-29
pubmed: 36370332
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2018 May;28(5):506-513
pubmed: 29293406
Ann Surg. 2017 Apr;265(4):670-676
pubmed: 27631772
Front Surg. 2022 Mar 08;9:817134
pubmed: 35350141
J Trauma. 2003 Oct;55(4):646-50
pubmed: 14566117
World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Feb 12;15(1):11
pubmed: 32050987
J Gastrointest Surg. 2018 Dec;22(12):2133-2141
pubmed: 30051307
BMJ. 2013 Oct 03;347:f5588
pubmed: 24092941
J Am Coll Surg. 2011 Dec;213(6):736-42
pubmed: 21996485
Surg Endosc. 2006 Jan;20(1):14-29
pubmed: 16247571
World J Emerg Surg. 2019 Jun 13;14:27
pubmed: 31210778
J Surg Res. 2021 Dec;268:452-458
pubmed: 34416418
Am Surg. 2014 Oct;80(10):1074-7
pubmed: 25264663
Ulster Med J. 2015 Jan;84(1):53-4
pubmed: 26155612
Int J Surg. 2016 Oct;34:127-136
pubmed: 27575832
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018 Aug;85(2):417-425
pubmed: 29659470
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015 Dec;63(12):2572-2579
pubmed: 26661929
Surgery. 2012 Aug;152(2):173-8
pubmed: 22503324
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2011 Aug;21(4):211-7
pubmed: 21857467
Pancreas. 2022 Sep 1;51(8):943-949
pubmed: 36607938
Ann Surg. 2021 May 1;273(5):949-956
pubmed: 31503017
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2015 Sep;50(3):276-9
pubmed: 26315053
J Surg Res. 2018 Dec;232:497-502
pubmed: 30463764
Int J Surg. 2017 Aug;44:21-25
pubmed: 28529193
J Gastrointest Surg. 2020 May;24(5):1173-1182
pubmed: 31845141
World J Surg. 2017 May;41(5):1170-1183
pubmed: 28058475
World J Surg. 2021 Jul;45(7):2066-2080
pubmed: 33772324
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2020 Dec;30(6):522-528
pubmed: 32658122
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2012 Sep 17;20:66
pubmed: 22985447
Am J Surg. 2015 Apr;209(4):627-32
pubmed: 25665928
J Am Coll Surg. 2000 Jun;190(6):645-50
pubmed: 10872998
JAMA Surg. 2016 Jun 15;151(6):e160480
pubmed: 27120712
Updates Surg. 2018 Dec;70(4):557-561
pubmed: 29767333
World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Nov 5;15(1):61
pubmed: 33153472
Ann Surg. 1993 May;217(5):557-64; discussion 564-5
pubmed: 8489319
Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2021 Feb;103(2):120-129
pubmed: 33559556
Injury. 2014 May;45(5):850-4
pubmed: 24268191
BMC Surg. 2011 Jun 09;11:13
pubmed: 21658255
Surg Endosc. 2013 Feb;27(2):390-3
pubmed: 22806524
World J Emerg Surg. 2016 Oct 6;11:49
pubmed: 27713763
Tech Coloproctol. 2017 Feb;21(2):93-110
pubmed: 28197792
BMC Surg. 2019 May 28;19(1):54
pubmed: 31138196
Minerva Surg. 2023 Feb;78(1):76-80
pubmed: 36448883
World J Emerg Surg. 2018 Jan 15;13:1
pubmed: 29371878
Updates Surg. 2022 Feb;74(1):55-64
pubmed: 33991327
Surg Endosc. 2016 Jan;30(1):1-10
pubmed: 25875087
Br J Surg. 2014 Jan;101(1):e126-33
pubmed: 24285040
World J Emerg Surg. 2017 Aug 7;12:37
pubmed: 28804507
J Trauma. 1995 Jan;38(1):54-8
pubmed: 7745660
World J Emerg Surg. 2020 Jan 7;15:3
pubmed: 31921329
Ann Surg. 2014 Jul;260(1):13-21
pubmed: 24651132
Dig Surg. 2004;21(2):95-105
pubmed: 15010588
Am J Surg. 2015 Aug;210(2):326-33
pubmed: 25963637
Br J Surg. 1990 Sep;77(9):1006
pubmed: 2145052
World J Emerg Surg. 2022 May 26;17(1):26
pubmed: 35619101
JSLS. 2009 Jul-Sep;13(3):327-31
pubmed: 19793471
Radiol Clin North Am. 1999 May;37(3):591-612, vi-vii
pubmed: 10361548
World J Surg. 2006 Apr;30(4):535-40
pubmed: 16555020
Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2015 Jul-Sep;5(3):196-205
pubmed: 26557490
World J Surg. 2018 Apr;42(4):965-973
pubmed: 28948335
Hernia. 2009 Aug;13(4):343-403
pubmed: 19636493
Am J Surg. 2016 Dec;212(6):1214-1221
pubmed: 27771037
World J Emerg Surg. 2021 Mar 18;16(1):11
pubmed: 33736680
World J Emerg Surg. 2023 Mar 18;18(1):20
pubmed: 36934276
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2014 Feb;28(1):3-17
pubmed: 24485251
World J Emerg Surg. 2018 Aug 13;13:36
pubmed: 30123315
Anaesthesia. 2012 May;67(5):474-478
pubmed: 22493955
Colorectal Dis. 2018 Jul;20(7):623-630
pubmed: 29331086
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014 Aug;77(2):338-50
pubmed: 25058263
Hernia. 2023 Jun;27(3):485-501
pubmed: 35618958
World J Emerg Surg. 2015 Mar 12;10:16
pubmed: 26056529
Injury. 2014 Apr;45(4):659-66
pubmed: 23895795
Curr Trauma Rep. 2017;3(1):43-50
pubmed: 28690974
World J Emerg Surg. 2022 Jan 20;17(1):4
pubmed: 35057836
J Clin Nurs. 2020 Jan;29(1-2):60-74
pubmed: 31495000
World J Emerg Surg. 2018 Jun 19;13:24
pubmed: 29946347
Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Jun;95(23):e3835
pubmed: 27281088
Surg Endosc. 2023 Mar;37(3):2154-2162
pubmed: 36326933
Surg Endosc. 2018 Oct;32(10):4351-4356
pubmed: 29770885
World J Emerg Surg. 2018 Jan 24;13:5
pubmed: 29416554
Can J Anaesth. 1989 Sep;36(5):586-9
pubmed: 2529050
BJS Open. 2020 Feb;4(1):27-44
pubmed: 32011823
World J Emerg Surg. 2017 Aug 18;12:40
pubmed: 28828034
Surg Endosc. 2022 May;36(5):3136-3140
pubmed: 34159459
Trop Doct. 2021 Jul;51(3):408-414
pubmed: 33847545
Ann Surg. 2005 Feb;241(2):219-26
pubmed: 15650630
Surg Endosc. 2017 Jun;31(6):2623-2629
pubmed: 27928671