The novel tetratricopeptide-repeat protein TTP1 forms complexes with GluTR and POR during tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.

The biosynthesis of the tetrapyrrole end-products chlorophyll (Chl) and heme depends on a multifaceted control mechanism, which acts primarily at the post-translational level upon the rate-limiting step of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthesis, and the light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). These regulatory processes require auxiliary factors that modulate the activity, stability, complex formation, and subplastidal localisation of the relevant proteins. Together, they ensure optimal metabolic flows during the day and at night. As an Arabidopsis homolog of the POR-interacting tetratricopeptide-repeat (TPR) protein (Pitt) first reported in Synechocystis, we characterize the Arabidopsis TTP1 (tetrapyrrole biosynthesis-regulating TPR protein1). TTP1 is a plastid-localized, membrane-bound factor that interacts with POR, the Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester cyclase CHL27, glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR), GluTR-binding protein (GBP) and FLUORESCENCE IN BLUE LIGHT (FLU). Lack of TTP1 leads to accumulation of GluTR, enhanced ALA synthesis and lower levels of POR. Knockout mutants show enhanced sensitivity to reactive oxygen species and a slower greening of etiolated seedlings. Based on our studies, the interaction of TTP1 with GluTR and POR does not directly inhibit their enzymatic activity and contribute to the control of ALA synthesis. Instead, we propose that TTP1 sequesters a fraction of these proteins on the thylakoid membrane, and contributes to their stability.

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.