MC1R and age heteroclassification of face phenotypes in the Rio Grande do Sul population.
External visible characteristics
Forensic DNA phenotyping
MC1R
Perceived age
Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Journal
International journal of legal medicine
ISSN: 1437-1596
Titre abrégé: Int J Legal Med
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9101456
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
13 Dec 2023
13 Dec 2023
Historique:
received:
01
06
2023
accepted:
22
11
2023
medline:
13
12
2023
pubmed:
13
12
2023
entrez:
12
12
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) consists of the use of methodologies for predicting externally visible characteristics (EVCs) from the genetic material of biological samples found in crime scenes and has proven to be a promising tool in aiding human identification in police activities. Currently, methods based on multiplex assays and statistical models of prediction of EVCs related to hair, skin, and iris pigmentation using panels of SNP and INDEL biomarkers have already been developed and validated by the forensic scientific community. As well as traces of pigmentation, an individual's perceived age (PA) can also be considered an EVC and its estimation in unknown individuals can be useful for the progress of investigations. Liu and colleagues (2016) were pioneers in evidencing that, in addition to lifestyle and environmental factors, the presence of SNP and INDEL variants in the MC1R gene - which encodes a transmembrane receptor responsible for regulating melanin production - seems to contribute to an individual's PA. The group highlighted the association between these MC1R gene polymorphisms and the PA in the European population, where carriers of risk haplotypes appeared to be up to 2 years older in comparison to their chronological age (CA). Understanding that genotype-phenotype relationships cannot be extrapolated between different population groups, this study aimed to test this hypothesis and verify the applicability of this variant panel in the Rio Grande do Sul admixed population. Based on genomic data from a sample of 261 volunteers representative of gaucho population and using a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, our group was able to verify a significant association among nine intronic variants in loci adjacent to MC1R (e.g., AFG3L1P, TUBB3, FANCA) and facial age appearance, whose PA was defined after age heteroclassification of standard frontal face images through 11 assessors. Different from that observed in European populations, our results show that the presence of effect alleles (R) of the selected variants in our sample influenced both younger and older face phenotypes. The influence of each variant on PA is expressed as β values. There are important molecular mechanisms behind the effects of MC1R locus on PA, and the genomic background of each population seems to be crucial to determine this influence.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) consists of the use of methodologies for predicting externally visible characteristics (EVCs) from the genetic material of biological samples found in crime scenes and has proven to be a promising tool in aiding human identification in police activities. Currently, methods based on multiplex assays and statistical models of prediction of EVCs related to hair, skin, and iris pigmentation using panels of SNP and INDEL biomarkers have already been developed and validated by the forensic scientific community. As well as traces of pigmentation, an individual's perceived age (PA) can also be considered an EVC and its estimation in unknown individuals can be useful for the progress of investigations. Liu and colleagues (2016) were pioneers in evidencing that, in addition to lifestyle and environmental factors, the presence of SNP and INDEL variants in the MC1R gene - which encodes a transmembrane receptor responsible for regulating melanin production - seems to contribute to an individual's PA. The group highlighted the association between these MC1R gene polymorphisms and the PA in the European population, where carriers of risk haplotypes appeared to be up to 2 years older in comparison to their chronological age (CA).
PURPOSE
OBJECTIVE
Understanding that genotype-phenotype relationships cannot be extrapolated between different population groups, this study aimed to test this hypothesis and verify the applicability of this variant panel in the Rio Grande do Sul admixed population.
METHODS
METHODS
Based on genomic data from a sample of 261 volunteers representative of gaucho population and using a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, our group was able to verify a significant association among nine intronic variants in loci adjacent to MC1R (e.g., AFG3L1P, TUBB3, FANCA) and facial age appearance, whose PA was defined after age heteroclassification of standard frontal face images through 11 assessors.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Different from that observed in European populations, our results show that the presence of effect alleles (R) of the selected variants in our sample influenced both younger and older face phenotypes. The influence of each variant on PA is expressed as β values.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
There are important molecular mechanisms behind the effects of MC1R locus on PA, and the genomic background of each population seems to be crucial to determine this influence.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38087053
doi: 10.1007/s00414-023-03143-6
pii: 10.1007/s00414-023-03143-6
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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