Variety of High and Very-low Energy Density Foods Among Preschool-Aged Children and Associations with Food Intake, Diet Quality, and Weight Status.
childhood obesity
diet quality
energy density
food intake
variety
Journal
The Journal of nutrition
ISSN: 1541-6100
Titre abrégé: J Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0404243
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
20 Dec 2023
20 Dec 2023
Historique:
received:
16
08
2023
revised:
08
12
2023
accepted:
19
12
2023
medline:
23
12
2023
pubmed:
23
12
2023
entrez:
22
12
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Background: Energy density (ED) and the variety of foods are two factors that may have a combined effect on preschool-aged children's ability to regulate food intake. However little is known about the variety of foods consumed within different ED categories by children in the U.S.. Therefore, we explored the variety of high ED (HED, 4-9 kcal/g) and very low ED (VLED, <0.6 kcals/g) foods consumed by a nationally representative sample of 2-5-year-old children in the U.S. and the relationship between variety with food intake, diet quality, and weight status. Energy density, variety, and diet quality were assessed using 2 24-hour dietary recalls collected as part of the NHANES 2011-2018 cycles (n=1682). We assessed associations between HED and VLED variety with energy intake, volume of food, diet quality, and weight status using multivariable linear and logistic regressions. HED variety was positively associated with energy intake (p<.0001). VLED variety was positively associated with volume of food (p<.0001) and diet quality (p<.0001). VLED was negatively associated with odds of having obesity in minimally adjusted models (OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.31-0.87), however, the relationship was not significant in fully adjusted models. Patterns of variety intake were differently associated with energy, volume, and diet quality. Children consuming high VLED variety and low HED variety had lower odds of obesity (OR=0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.90), however this pattern was rare (10%). These findings suggest that variety of HED foods is associated with higher average energy intake per day, and variety of VLED foods is associated with higher volume of food consumed per day and diet quality in a nationally representative sample of preschool-aged children.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Background: Energy density (ED) and the variety of foods are two factors that may have a combined effect on preschool-aged children's ability to regulate food intake. However little is known about the variety of foods consumed within different ED categories by children in the U.S..
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
Therefore, we explored the variety of high ED (HED, 4-9 kcal/g) and very low ED (VLED, <0.6 kcals/g) foods consumed by a nationally representative sample of 2-5-year-old children in the U.S. and the relationship between variety with food intake, diet quality, and weight status.
METHODS
METHODS
Energy density, variety, and diet quality were assessed using 2 24-hour dietary recalls collected as part of the NHANES 2011-2018 cycles (n=1682). We assessed associations between HED and VLED variety with energy intake, volume of food, diet quality, and weight status using multivariable linear and logistic regressions.
RESULTS
RESULTS
HED variety was positively associated with energy intake (p<.0001). VLED variety was positively associated with volume of food (p<.0001) and diet quality (p<.0001). VLED was negatively associated with odds of having obesity in minimally adjusted models (OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.31-0.87), however, the relationship was not significant in fully adjusted models. Patterns of variety intake were differently associated with energy, volume, and diet quality. Children consuming high VLED variety and low HED variety had lower odds of obesity (OR=0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.90), however this pattern was rare (10%).
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that variety of HED foods is associated with higher average energy intake per day, and variety of VLED foods is associated with higher volume of food consumed per day and diet quality in a nationally representative sample of preschool-aged children.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38135003
pii: S0022-3166(23)72817-4
doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.028
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.