Trends in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Albania during the 2021-2022 pandemic year.

Albania COVID-19 Eastern Europe SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies Seroprevalence

Journal

New microbes and new infections
ISSN: 2052-2975
Titre abrégé: New Microbes New Infect
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101624750

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Jan 2024
Historique:
received: 26 09 2023
revised: 08 11 2023
accepted: 27 11 2023
medline: 25 12 2023
pubmed: 25 12 2023
entrez: 25 12 2023
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for understanding population immunity and providing insights into public health policies. Limited data exist on this from Albania and other Eastern European countries. This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Albania, comparing August 2021 and August 2022 data from two representative samples of the general population. The objective was to understand the temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies across age groups and assess the impacts of natural infection and vaccination on population immunity. This longitudinal study was conducted in two consecutive cross-sectional assessments 12 months apart in Albania's urban all-ages population. IgG anti-Spike-1 and anti-Nucleoprotein SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured using ELISA, focusing on seropositivity rates and antibody levels. The study encompassed 2143 and 2183 individuals in August 2021 and 2022, respectively, with the anti-S1-IgG seropositivity rate escalating from 70.9 ​% to 92.1 ​%. In 2021, seroprevalence ranged from 49.6 ​% (0-15 years) to 82 ​% (>60 years). By August 2022, it surpassed 90 ​% in most age groups, except 0-15 years (73.8 ​%). "Hybrid" immunity (COVID-19+ and Vaccine+) reached 56.6 ​% in 2022, or 2.8 times higher than in 2021, exhibiting the highest antibody levels compared to the only vaccinated or previously COVID-19-infected individuals. This study highlights an overall 94 % seroprevalence in the Albanian population in August 2022 and robust "hybrid" immunity, suggesting substantial protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. The lower immunity in the 0-15 age group underscores the necessity for youth-targeted vaccine campaigns. These findings provide valuable insights for shaping healthcare measures and vaccination policies.

Sections du résumé

Background UNASSIGNED
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for understanding population immunity and providing insights into public health policies. Limited data exist on this from Albania and other Eastern European countries. This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Albania, comparing August 2021 and August 2022 data from two representative samples of the general population. The objective was to understand the temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies across age groups and assess the impacts of natural infection and vaccination on population immunity.
Methods UNASSIGNED
This longitudinal study was conducted in two consecutive cross-sectional assessments 12 months apart in Albania's urban all-ages population. IgG anti-Spike-1 and anti-Nucleoprotein SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured using ELISA, focusing on seropositivity rates and antibody levels.
Methods UNASSIGNED
The study encompassed 2143 and 2183 individuals in August 2021 and 2022, respectively, with the anti-S1-IgG seropositivity rate escalating from 70.9 ​% to 92.1 ​%. In 2021, seroprevalence ranged from 49.6 ​% (0-15 years) to 82 ​% (>60 years). By August 2022, it surpassed 90 ​% in most age groups, except 0-15 years (73.8 ​%). "Hybrid" immunity (COVID-19+ and Vaccine+) reached 56.6 ​% in 2022, or 2.8 times higher than in 2021, exhibiting the highest antibody levels compared to the only vaccinated or previously COVID-19-infected individuals.
Conclusion UNASSIGNED
This study highlights an overall 94 % seroprevalence in the Albanian population in August 2022 and robust "hybrid" immunity, suggesting substantial protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. The lower immunity in the 0-15 age group underscores the necessity for youth-targeted vaccine campaigns. These findings provide valuable insights for shaping healthcare measures and vaccination policies.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38143941
doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101208
pii: S2052-2975(23)00127-0
pmc: PMC10746500
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

101208

Informations de copyright

© 2023 The Authors.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Auteurs

Genc Sulcebe (G)

Research Unit of Immunology, University of Medicine and University Hospital Center «Mother Teresa» Tirana, Albania.
Academy of Sciences of Albania, Albania.

Alban Ylli (A)

Institute of Public Health, Albania.

Fabian Cenko (F)

Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel" Tirana, Albania.

Margarita Kurti-Prifti (M)

Academy of Sciences of Albania, Albania.

Erkena Shyti (E)

Academy of Sciences of Albania, Albania.

Jonida Dashi-Pasholli (J)

Academy of Sciences of Albania, Albania.

Erina Lazri (E)

University of Medicine of Tirana, Faculty of Medical Technical Sciences, Albania.

Irena Seferi-Qendro (I)

National Blood Bank Center, Tirana, Albania.

Melissa J Perry (MJ)

George Mason University, VA, USA.

Classifications MeSH