Caffeine intake and its association with nutrition, sleep, and physical activity among schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates: a national cross-sectional study.
Adolescents
Caffeine
Energy drinks
Safety assessment
Schoolchildren
Sleep duration
Sleep quality
Journal
European journal of nutrition
ISSN: 1436-6215
Titre abrégé: Eur J Nutr
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 100888704
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 Dec 2023
27 Dec 2023
Historique:
received:
02
05
2023
accepted:
20
11
2023
medline:
28
12
2023
pubmed:
28
12
2023
entrez:
27
12
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Recent surveys indicate a significant increase in total caffeine intake among schoolchildren. Limited research has been published concerning the total intake of caffeine among schoolchildren in the Middle East and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including the UAE. This cross-sectional survey estimated the total caffeine intake from foods and beverages among 10,275 schoolchildren in the UAE. Caffeine intakes were related to the European Food Safety Authority's level of no safety concern (3.0 mg/kg BW) and level of effects on sleep (1.4 mg/kg BW). More than half (56.2%) of the students consumed more than 100 mg (the upper limit allowed) of caffeine from dietary sources. High intake of caffeine (> 100 mg/day) was significantly associated (p = 0.001) with reduced sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, infrequent exercising, using smart devices for more than 2 h a day, getting a lower GPA, skipping breakfast, eating fewer servings of vegetables than recommended, frequent consumption of fast food and more frequent snack consumption. Excessive intake of caffeine from different dietary sources coexists with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors and sleep problems. Tailoring educational programs and intervention strategies is warranted to correct the unhealthy intake of caffeine and the associated unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors among schoolchildren in the UAE.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38151534
doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03285-8
pii: 10.1007/s00394-023-03285-8
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
Références
Lunsford-Avery JR, Kollins SH, Kansagra S, Wang KW, Engelhard MM (2022) Impact of daily caffeine intake and timing on electroencephalogram-measured sleep in adolescents. J Clin Sleep Med 18(3):877–884
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9736
pubmed: 34710040
pmcid: 8883093
Reyes CM, Cornelis MC (2018) Caffeine in the diet: country-level consumption and guidelines. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111772
doi: 10.3390/nu10111772
pubmed: 30597842
pmcid: 6356190
Mohammed AH, Blebil A, Selvaraj A, Ang ZJX, Chong CY, Chu VRS, Ku YQ, Hassan BAR, Wayyes AM, Madani AM (2022) Knowledge, consumption pattern, and adverse effects of energy drinks among Asian population: a cross-sectional analysis from Malaysia. J Nutr Metabol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3928717
doi: 10.1155/2022/3928717
De Sanctis V, Soliman N, Soliman AT, Elsedfy H, Di Maio S, El Kholy M, Fiscina B (2017) Caffeinated energy drink consumption among adolescents and potential health consequences associated with their use: a significant public health hazard. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis 88(2):222. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v88i2.6664
doi: 10.23750/abm.v88i2.6664
pubmed: 28845841
Khouja C, Kneale D, Brunton G, Raine G, Stansfield C, Sowden A, Sutcliffe K, Thomas J (2022) Consumption and effects of caffeinated energy drinks in young people: an overview of systematic reviews and secondary analysis of UK data to inform policy. BMJ Open 12(2):e047746. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047746
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047746
pubmed: 35131813
pmcid: 8830236
Gökcen BB, Şanlier N (2019) Coffee consumption and disease correlations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 59(2):336–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1369391
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1369391
pubmed: 28853910
Shrestha B, Jawa G (2017) Caffeine citrate–Is it a silver bullet in neonatology? Pediatr Neonatol 58(5):391–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2016.10.003
doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2016.10.003
pubmed: 28446386
Bramstedt KA (2007) Caffeine use by children: the quest for enhancement. Subst Use Misuse 42(8):1237–1251. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080701208962
doi: 10.1080/10826080701208962
pubmed: 17674233
Ruxton C (2014) The suitability of caffeinated drinks for children: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, observational studies and expert panel guidelines. J Hum Nutr Diet 27(4):342–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12172
doi: 10.1111/jhn.12172
pubmed: 25099503
Wing YK, Chan NY, Man Yu MW, Lam SP, Zhang J, Li SX, Kong APS, Li AM (2015) A school-based sleep education program for adolescents: a cluster randomized trial. Pediatrics 135(3):e635–e643. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-2419
doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2419
pubmed: 25687152
Richards G, Smith AP (2016) A review of energy drinks and mental health, with a focus on stress, anxiety, and depression. J Caffeine Res 6(2):49–63. https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2015.0033
doi: 10.1089/jcr.2015.0033
pubmed: 27274415
pmcid: 4892220
Nadeem IM, Shanmugaraj A, Sakha S, Horner NS, Ayeni OR, Khan M (2021) Energy drinks and their adverse health effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Health 13(3):265–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120949181
doi: 10.1177/1941738120949181
pubmed: 33211984
Bleich SN, Vercammen KA (2018) The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature. BMC Obes 5(1):1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40608-017-0178-9
doi: 10.1186/s40608-017-0178-9
Abian-Vicen J, Puente C, Salinero JJ, González-Millán C, Areces F, Muñoz G, Muñoz-Guerra J, Del Coso J (2014) A caffeinated energy drink improves jump performance in adolescent basketball players. Amino Acids 46:1333–1341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-014-1702-6
doi: 10.1007/s00726-014-1702-6
pubmed: 24599611
Gallo-Salazar C, Areces F, Abián-Vicén J, Lara B, Salinero JJ, Gonzalez-Millán C, Portillo J, Muñoz V, Juarez D, Del Coso J (2015) Enhancing physical performance in elite junior tennis players with a caffeinated energy drink. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 10(3):305–310. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0103
doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0103
pubmed: 25158287
Visram S, Cheetham M, Riby DM, Crossley SJ, Lake AA (2016) Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a rapid review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes. BMJ Open 6(10):e010380. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010380
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010380
pubmed: 27855083
pmcid: 5073652
Esp NDA (2015) Scientific opinion on the safety of caffeine. EFSA J 13(5):4102. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102
doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102
Landolt HP, Dijk D-J, Gaus SE, Borbély AA (1995) Caffeine reduces low-frequency delta activity in the human sleep EEG. Neuropsychopharmacology 12(3):229–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-133X(94)00079-F
doi: 10.1016/0893-133X(94)00079-F
pubmed: 7612156
Roehrs T, Roth T (2008) Caffeine: sleep and daytime sleepiness. Sleep Med Rev 12(2):153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.004
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.004
pubmed: 17950009
Freeman D, Sheaves B, Goodwin GM, Yu L-M, Nickless A, Harrison PJ, Emsley R, Luik AI, Foster RG, Wadekar V (2017) The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 4(10):749–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30328-0
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30328-0
pubmed: 28888927
pmcid: 5614772
Shochat T, Cohen-Zion M, Tzischinsky O (2014) Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 18(1):75–87
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2013.03.005
pubmed: 23806891
Robby D, Sanad S (2017) Survey of energy drink consumption and adverse health effects: a sample of university students in the United Arab Emirates. J Sci Res Rep 15(4):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-018-0056-y
doi: 10.1007/s13755-018-0056-y
Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, Initiative S (2014) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg 12(12):1495–1499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013
doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013
Government-U (2022) Open Data. https://www.moe.gov.ae/En/OpenData/Pages/Home.aspx
(AACAP) AAoCaAP (2020) Caffeine and Children. https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Caffeine_and_Children-131.aspx . Accessed 9 Sept 2023
MeAIE F, Jahrami H, Al-Hilali MM, Chehyber NJ, Ali SO, Shahda SD, Obaid RS (2017) Energy drink consumption is associated with reduced sleep quality among college students: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Diet 74(3):268–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12289
doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12289
Faris M (2014) Patterns of caffeinated energy drinks consumption among adolescents and adults in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Food Nutr Sci 5(2):158–168. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2014.52021
doi: 10.4236/fns.2014.52021
MeA-I F, Epuru S, Al-Shimmari S, Al-Shimmari E (2015) Alarming high levels of energy drinks consumption among school children in Hail, northern of Saudi Arabia. Int J Child Health Nutr 4(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2015.04.01.1
doi: 10.6000/1929-4247.2015.04.01.1
Almulla AA, MeA-IE F (2020) Energy drinks consumption is associated with reduced sleep duration and increased energy-dense fast foods consumption among school students: a cross-sectional study. Asia Pacif J Publ ic Health 32(5):266–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520931351
doi: 10.1177/1010539520931351
Jahrami H, Al-Mutarid M, Penson PE, Me A-I, Saif Z, Hammad L (2020) Intake of caffeine and its association with physical and mental health status among university students in Bahrain. Foods 9(4):473. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9040473
doi: 10.3390/foods9040473
pubmed: 32290044
pmcid: 7230284
Halldorsson T, Kristjansson A, Thorisdottir I, Oddsdóttir C, Sveinbjörnsson J, Benediktsson R, Sigfúsdóttir ID, Jörundsdóttir H, Gunnlaugsdóttir H (2021) Caffeine exposure from beverages and its association with self-reported sleep duration and quality in a large sample of Icelandic adolescents. Food Chem Toxicol 157:112549
doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112549
pubmed: 34509583
UN D (2022) FoodData Central. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/
Informer-C (2022) Caffeine Source Reference. https://www.caffeineinformer.com/caffeine-source-reference
AnthroPlus W (2009) for Personal Computers
Santangelo B, Lapolla R, Rutigliano I, Pettoello Mantovani M, Campanozzi A (2018) Nearly half of the adolescents in an Italian school-based study exceeded the recommended upper limits for daily caffeine consumption. Acta Paediatr 107(6):1055–1059. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14277
doi: 10.1111/apa.14277
pubmed: 29512222
Błaszczyk-Bębenek E, Jagielski P, Schlegel-Zawadzka M (2021) Caffeine consumption in a group of adolescents from South East Poland—a cross sectional study. Nutrients 13(6):2084
doi: 10.3390/nu13062084
pubmed: 34207087
pmcid: 8234391
Temple JL (2019) Trends, safety, and recommendations for caffeine use in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 58(1):36–45
doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.030
pubmed: 30577937
Nieswand V, Richter M, Berner R, von der Hagen M, Klimova A, Roeder I, Koch T, Sabatowski R, Gossrau G (2019) The prevalence of headache in German pupils of different ages and school types. Cephalalgia 39(8):1030–1040
doi: 10.1177/0333102419837156
pubmed: 30884960
Hering-Hanit R, Gadoth N (2003) Caffeine-induced headache in children and adolescents. Cephalalgia 23(5):332–335
doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.2003.00576.x
pubmed: 12780761
Rodda S, Booth N, McKean J, Chung A, Park JJ, Ware P (2020) Mechanisms for the reduction of caffeine consumption: what, how and why. Drug Alcohol Depend 212:108024
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108024
pubmed: 32442750
Temple JL, Bernard C, Lipshultz SE, Czachor JD, Westphal JA, Mestre MA (2017) The safety of ingested caffeine: a comprehensive review. Front Psych 8:80
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00080
Juliano LM, Evatt DP, Richards BD, Griffiths RR (2012) Characterization of individuals seeking treatment for caffeine dependence. Psychol Addict Behav 26(4):948
doi: 10.1037/a0027246
pubmed: 22369218
pmcid: 3642245
Bertasi RA, Humeda Y, Bertasi TG, Zins Z, Kimsey J, Pujalte G, Pujalte GG (2021) Caffeine intake and mental health in college students. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14313
doi: 10.7759/cureus.14313
pubmed: 34938620
pmcid: 8684701
Reissig CJ, Strain EC, Griffiths RR (2009) Caffeinated energy drinks—a growing problem. Drug Alcohol Depend 99(1–3):1–10
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.001
pubmed: 18809264
Zhang H, Lee ZX, Qiu A (2020) Caffeine intake and cognitive functions in children. Psychopharmacology 237:3109–3116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05596-8
doi: 10.1007/s00213-020-05596-8
pubmed: 32601990
pmcid: 7530045
Meltzer LJ, Williamson AA, Mindell JA (2021) Pediatric sleep health: it matters, and so does how we define it. Sleep Med Rev 57:101425
doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101425
pubmed: 33601324
pmcid: 9067252
Torres-Ugalde YC, Romero-Palencia A, Román-Gutiérrez AD, Ojeda-Ramírez D, Guzmán-Saldaña RM (2020) Caffeine consumption in children: innocuous or deleterious? A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(7):2489
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072489
pubmed: 32260589
pmcid: 7177467
Henderson SE, Brady EM, Robertson N (2019) Associations between social jetlag and mental health in young people: a systematic review. Chronobiol Int 36(10):1316–1333
doi: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1636813
pubmed: 31387413
Becker SP, Langberg JM, Byars KC (2015) Advancing a biopsychosocial and contextual model of sleep in adolescence: a review and introduction to the special issue. J Youth Adolesc 44:239–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0248-y
doi: 10.1007/s10964-014-0248-y
pubmed: 25552436
Díaz-Morales JF, Escribano C (2015) Social jetlag, academic achievement and cognitive performance: understanding gender/sex differences. Chronobiol Int 32(6):822–831
doi: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1041599
pubmed: 26061587
Jin M-J, Yoon C-H, Ko H-J, Kim H-M, Kim A-S, Moon H-N, Jung S-P (2016) The relationship of caffeine intake with depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep in Korean adolescents. Korean J Fam Med 37(2):111. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.2.111
doi: 10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.2.111
pubmed: 27073610
pmcid: 4826990
Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ (1989) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 28(2):193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
pubmed: 2748771
Silvani MI, Werder R, Perret C (2022) The influence of blue light on sleep, performance and wellbeing in young adults: a systematic review. Front Physiol 13:943108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.943108
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.943108
pubmed: 36051910
pmcid: 9424753
Fry A, Rehman A (2023) How Blue Light Affects Kids’ Sleep? https://www.sleepfoundation.org/children-and-sleep/how-blue-light-affects-kids-sleep#:~:text=View%20Source%20and%20duration.,than%20we%20should%20at%20bedtime
Alhyas L, El Kashef A, AlGhaferi H (2016) Energy drinks in the Gulf cooperation council states: a review. JRSM Open 7(1):2054270415593717. https://doi.org/10.1177/2054270415593717
doi: 10.1177/2054270415593717
pubmed: 26770815
Nuss T, Morley B, Scully M, Wakefield M (2021) Energy drink consumption among Australian adolescents associated with a cluster of unhealthy dietary behaviours and short sleep duration. Nutr J 20(1):64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-021-00719-z
doi: 10.1186/s12937-021-00719-z
pubmed: 34225738
pmcid: 8259213
Bryant Ludden A, Wolfson AR (2010) Understanding adolescent caffeine use: connecting use patterns with expectancies, reasons, and sleep. Health Educ Behav 37(3):330–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198109341783
doi: 10.1177/1090198109341783
pubmed: 19858312
Larson N, DeWolfe J, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D (2014) Adolescent consumption of sports and energy drinks: linkages to higher physical activity, unhealthy beverage patterns, cigarette smoking, and screen media use. J Nutr Educ Behav 46(3):181–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2014.02.008
doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.02.008
pubmed: 24809865
pmcid: 4023868
Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Masengo L, Hamilton HA, Chaput J-P (2020) Energy drink consumption and substance use among middle and high school students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(9):3110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093110
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093110
pubmed: 32365667
pmcid: 7246708
Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Hamilton HA, Chaput J-P (2018) Sleep duration and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks among adolescents. Nutrition 48:77–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2017.11.013
doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.11.013
pubmed: 29469025
Halldorsson TI, Kristjansson AL, Thorisdottir I, Oddsdóttir C, Sveinbjörnsson J, Benediktsson R, Sigfusdottir ID, Jörundsdóttir H, H G, (2021) Caffeine exposure from beverages and its association with self-reported sleep duration and quality in a large sample of Icelandic adolescents. Food Chem Toxicol 157:112549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112549
doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112549
pubmed: 34509583
Kim SY (2018) Health related nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior regarding caffeine intake among High School Students in Yongin Region. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 9(6):299–308. https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.03
doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.03
pubmed: 30584493
pmcid: 6296809
Owens JA, Mindell J, Baylor A (2014) Effect of energy drink and caffeinated beverage consumption on sleep, mood, and performance in children and adolescents. Nutr Rev 72 (suppl_1):65–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12150
Ludden AB, O’Brien EM, Pasch KE (2017) Beliefs, behaviors, and contexts of adolescent caffeine use: a focus group study. Subst Use Misuse 52(9):1196–1207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1302957
doi: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1302957
McCrory C, White CM, Bowman C, Fenton N, Reid JL, Hammond D (2017) Perceptions and knowledge of caffeinated energy drinks: results of focus groups with Canadian youth. J Nutr Educ Behav 49(4):304–311. e306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2016.11.013
Coon KA, Goldberg J, Rogers BL, Tucker KL (2001) Relationships between use of television during meals and children’s food consumption patterns. Pediatrics 107(1):e7–e7. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.107.1.e7
doi: 10.1542/peds.107.1.e7
pubmed: 11134471
Ahluwalia N, Frenk SM, Quan SF (2018) Screen time behaviours and caffeine intake in US children: findings from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). BMJ Paediatr Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000258
doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000258
pubmed: 30019017
pmcid: 6045721
Gariépy G, Doré I, Whitehead RD, Elgar FJ (2019) More than just sleeping in: a late timing of sleep is associated with health problems and unhealthy behaviours in adolescents. Sleep Med 56:66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.029
Arora T, Taheri S (2015) Associations among late chronotype, body mass index and dietary behaviors in young adolescents. Int J Obes 39(1):39–44. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2014.157
doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.157
Thakre TP, Deoras K, Griffin C, Vemana A, Podmore P, Krishna J (2015) Caffeine awareness in children: insights from a pilot study. J Clin Sleep Med 11(7):741–746
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.4848
pubmed: 25845895
pmcid: 4481057
Temple JL, Ziegler AM, Graczyk AM, Crandall A (2017) Effects of acute and chronic caffeine on risk-taking behavior in children and adolescents. J Psychopharmacol 31(5):561–568. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881117691568
doi: 10.1177/0269881117691568
pubmed: 28198658
van Dam RM, Hu FB, Willett WC (2020) Coffee, caffeine, and health. N Engl J Med 383(4):369–378. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1816604
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1816604
pubmed: 32706535
Bautista RAR, Reyes JRR, Ronquillo LI, Vertudez JKS (2022) Motivations inducing caffeine consumption behaviors among high school students in ASJ. Links Sleep Qual. https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.31739.39209
doi: 10.13140/rg.2.2.31739.39209
Boyle NB, Lawton CL, Dye L (2018) The effects of carbohydrates, in isolation and combined with caffeine, on cognitive performance and mood—current evidence and future directions. Nutrients 10(2):192. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020192
doi: 10.3390/nu10020192
pmcid: 5852768