Identification of intracellular activation mechanism of rhamnogalacturonan-I type polysaccharide purified from Panax ginseng leaves in macrophages and roles of component sugar chains on activity.
Macrophage
Panax ginseng
Rhamnogalacturonan-I
Structure-activity relationship
Journal
Journal of natural medicines
ISSN: 1861-0293
Titre abrégé: J Nat Med
Pays: Japan
ID NLM: 101518405
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
28 Dec 2023
28 Dec 2023
Historique:
received:
19
08
2023
accepted:
27
11
2023
medline:
28
12
2023
pubmed:
28
12
2023
entrez:
28
12
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying intracellular signaling pathways in macrophages in relation to the structural features of rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I-type polysaccharide (PGEP-I) purified from Panax ginseng leaves. For this investigation, we used several specific inhibitors and antibodies against mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Furthermore, we investigated the roles of component sugar chains on immunostimulating activity through a sequential enzymatic and chemical degradation steps. We found that PGEP-I effectively induced the phosphorylation of several MAPK- and NF-κB-related proteins, such as p38, cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p65. Particularly, immunocytochemistry analysis confirmed the PGEP-I-induced translocation of p65 into the nucleus. Furthermore, the breakdown of PGEP-I side chains and main chain during sequential enzymatic and chemical degradation reduced the PGEP-I-induced macrophage cytokine secretion activity. IL-6, TNF-α, and NO secreted by macrophages are associated with several signaling pathway proteins such as ERK, JNK, and NF-κB and several PRRs such as dectin-1, CD11b, CD14, TLR2, TLR4, and SR. Thus, these findings suggest that PGEP-I exerts potent macrophage-activating effects, which can be attributed to its typical RG-I structure comprising arabinan, type II arabinogalactan, and rhamnose-galacturonic acid repeating units in the main chain.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38153587
doi: 10.1007/s11418-023-01768-w
pii: 10.1007/s11418-023-01768-w
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Pharmacognosy.
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