Passenger muscle responses in emergency braking events with reclined seating.
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 Jan 2024
02 Jan 2024
Historique:
received:
10
07
2023
accepted:
28
12
2023
medline:
4
1
2024
pubmed:
4
1
2024
entrez:
3
1
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Emergency braking can generate forward displacement that may influence the effectiveness of protection in collisions, especially for passengers. The development of automated vehicles has enabled the diversification and rationalization of sitting positions, including reclined seating. However, the passenger response in pre-crash scenarios in reclined seating differs from that in standard seating, which poses different requirements for biofidelic human body models (HBMs) to evaluate passenger injuries in collisions. This study conducted emergency braking trials in vehicles at an initial velocity of 80 km/h. Five volunteers were exposed to approximately 1 g manual emergency braking (MEB), and the muscle responses at the front passenger seat with backrest angles of 25°, 45°, and 65° were recorded. The electromyography obtained from 14 muscles of the neck, torso, and lower extremity were normalized using maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs). In the quiet sitting phase, the activity levels were low (< 5% MVC) in all muscles for the three sitting positions. During emergency braking, the muscles are activated to restrict the body motion. There were differences in muscle amplitude and onset time in different backrest angles, with higher muscle activity levels in most muscles in a reclined sitting position. In particular, the sternocleidomastoid, rectus abdominis, and vastus medialis showed different patterns in the peak and steady-state phases. We found that the tibialis anterior was consistently activated at a lower level in all sitting postures (< 8% MVC), which indicates limited support of the shank for the body. The data provided in the paper are presented in corridors and intended for use in the development and validation of HBMs with active muscle models to simulate evasive maneuvers that potentially occur before a crash in the reclined sitting position.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38168918
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50918-3
pii: 10.1038/s41598-023-50918-3
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
38Subventions
Organisme : the General Project of Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development
ID : cstc2019jscx-msxmX0412
Organisme : the Chongqing University of Technology Action Plan for Quality Development of Graduate Education
ID : gzlcx20222119
Organisme : the Key Project of Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development
ID : cstc2021jscx-cylhX0006
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Shrivastava, S. R. & Shrivastava, P. S. Role of leadership in ensuring road safety in low- and middle-income nations: World Health Organization. Med. J. Babylon 16, 362–363. https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_30_19 (2019).
doi: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_30_19
Waizman, G., Shoval, S. & Benenson, I. Traffic accident risk assessment with dynamic microsimulation model using range-range rate graphs. Accid. Anal. Prev. 119, 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.027 (2018).
doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.027
pubmed: 30056202
Östh, J., Brolin, K. & Bråse, D. A human body model with active muscles for simulation of pretensioned restraints in autonomous braking interventions. Traffic Inj. Prev. 16, 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2014.931949 (2015).
doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.931949
pubmed: 24950131
Valdano, M., Jiménez-Octavio, J. R., Vives-Torres, C. M., López-Valdés, F. J. & Pipkorn, B. Assessment of Madymo active human body model kinematics and dynamics by means of human volunteer response at low-speed frontal impacts. In International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury 122–135 (2021).
Devane, K., Johnson, D. & Gayzik, F. S. Validation of a simplified human body model in relaxed and braced conditions in low-speed frontal sled tests. Traffic Inj. Prev. 20, 832–837. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.1655733 (2019).
doi: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1655733
pubmed: 31549531
Stańczyk, T. L., Lozia, Z., Pieniążek, W. & Jurecki, R. S. Research on driver reaction to vehicles incoming from the right. In 19th Annual EVU Congress 41–54 (2010).
Toxopeus, R., Attalla, S., Kodsi, S. & Oliver, M. Driver Response Time to Midblock Crossing Pedestrians (SAE Technical Paper, 2018).
doi: 10.4271/2018-01-0514
Yamada, K., Gotoh, M., Kitagawa, Y. & Yasuki, T. Simulation of occupant posture change during autonomous emergency braking and occupant kinematics in frontal collision. In International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury 261–274 (2016).
van Rooij, L., Pauwelussen, J., den Camp, O. O. & Janssen, R. Driver head displacement during (automatic) vehicle braking tests with varying levels of distraction. In 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (2013).
Baker, G. et al. Kinematics and shoulder belt engagement of children on belt-positioning boosters during emergency braking events. In International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury 327–340 (2017).
Kirschbichler, S. et al. Factors influencing occupant kinematics during braking and lane change maneuvers in a passenger vehicle. In International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury 614–625 (2014).
Huber, P., Kirschbichler, S., Prüggler, A. & Steidl, T. Passenger kinematics in braking, lane change and oblique driving maneuvers. In International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury 783–802 (2015).
Antona, J., Ejima, S. & Zama, Y. Influence of the driver conditions on the injury outcome in front impact collisions. Int. J. Automot. Eng. 2, 33–38 (2011).
doi: 10.20485/jsaeijae.2.2_33
Ejima, S. et al. Prediction of the physical motion of the human body based on muscle activity during pre-impact braking. In International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury 163–175 (2008).
Han, J. et al. Characteristics of human responses in a braked stationary lead vehicle during low-speed, rear-end collisions. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 20, 1255–1264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-019-00070-8 (2019).
doi: 10.1007/s12541-019-00070-8
Ghaffari, G., Brolin, K., Pipkorn, B., Jakobsson, L. & Davidsson, J. Passenger muscle responses in lane change and lane change with braking maneuvers using two belt configurations: Standard and reversible pre-pretensioner. Traffic Inj. Prev. 20, S43–S51. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.1634265 (2019).
doi: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1634265
pubmed: 31381435
Ghaffari, G. & Davidsson, J. Female kinematics and muscle responses in lane change and lane change with braking maneuvers. Traffic Inj. Prev. 22, 236–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2021.1881068 (2021).
doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1881068
pubmed: 33688754
Östh, J., Ólafsdóttir, J. M., Davidsson, J. & Brolin, K. Driver Kinematic and Muscle Responses in Braking Events with Standard and Reversible Pre-Tensioned Restraints: Validation Data for Human Models (SAE Technical Paper, 2013).
Ólafsdóttir, J. M., Östh, J., Davidsson, J. & Brolin, K. Passenger kinematics and muscle responses in autonomous braking events with standard and reversible pre-tensioned restraints. In International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury 602–617 (2013).
Graci, V. et al. Effect of automated versus manual emergency braking on rear seat adult and pediatric occupant precrash motion. Traffic Inj. Prev. 20, S106–S111. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.1630734 (2019).
doi: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1630734
pubmed: 31381438
Kang, M. et al. Motion responses by occupants in out-of-seat positions during autonomous emergency braking. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 49, 2468–2480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-021-02806-y (2021).
doi: 10.1007/s10439-021-02806-y
pubmed: 34114130
Östling, M. & Larsson, A. Occupant activities and sitting positions in automated vehicles in China and Sweden. In 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (2019).
Laakmann, F., Zink, L. & Seyffert, M. New interior concepts for occupant protection in highly automated vehicles. ATZ Worldw. 121, 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s38311-019-0012-8 (2019).
doi: 10.1007/s38311-019-0012-8
Matsushita, T., Saito, H., Sunnevång, C., Östling, M., Vishwanatha, A. & Tabhane, A. Evaluation of the protective performance of a novel restraint system for highly automated vehicles (HAV). In 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (2019).
Górniak, A. et al. Influence of a passenger position seating on recline seat on a head injury during a frontal crash. Sensors 22, 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22052003 (2022).
doi: 10.3390/s22052003
pubmed: 35271149
pmcid: 8914925
Górniak, A., Górniak, W., Matla, J. & Zawiślak, M. The influence of seatback reclination on body kinematics during low-speed frontal impact. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1247. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1247/1/012025 (2022).
Gepner, B. et al. Challenges for occupant safety in highly automated vehicles across various anthropometries. In 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (2019).
Grébonval, C., Trosseille, X., Petit, P., Wang, X. & Beillas, P. Effects of seat pan and pelvis angles on the occupant response in a reclined position during a frontal crash. PLoS One 16, e0257292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257292 (2021).
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257292
pubmed: 34543333
pmcid: 8452024
SENIAM. Sensor Location. Available at: http://www.seniam.org/ (Accessed 16 May 2022).
Sjödahl, J., Gutke, A., Ghaffari, G., Strömberg, T. & Öberg, B. Response of the muscles in the pelvic floor and the lower lateral abdominal wall during the Active Straight Leg Raise in women with and without pelvic girdle pain: An experimental study. Clin. Biomech. 35, 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.04.007 (2016).
doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.04.007
Ólafsdóttir, J. M., Brolin, K., Blouin, J.-S. & Siegmund, G. P. Dynamic spatial tuning of cervical muscle reflexes to multidirectional seated perturbations. Spine 40, E211–E219. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000000721 (2015).
doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000721
pubmed: 25423306
Reed, M. P., Ebert, S. M., Jones, M. L. H. & Park, B.-K.D. Occupant Dynamics During Crash Avoidance Maneuvers (Report No. DOT HS 812 997) (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2021).
Kai, W., Zhang, C. J. & Liu, D. C. Research on the crash test considering pre-crash technology. In 2020 China SAE Congress: Selected Papers https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2090-4_96 (2022).
Tran, D., Holtz, J., Müller, G. & Müller, S. A study of the effect of reclined seatback on the occupant kinematics in an autonomous emergency braking using a MADYMO active human body model. In VDI Conference Vehicle Safety (2019).
Beeman, S. M., Kemper, A. R., Madigan, M. L., Franck, C. T. & Loftus, S. C. Occupant kinematics in low-speed frontal sled tests: Human volunteers, Hybrid III ATD, and PMHS. Accid. Anal. Prev. 47, 128–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.01.016 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.01.016
pubmed: 22342960
Brault, J. R., Siegmund, G. P. & Wheeler, J. B. Cervical muscle response during whiplash: Evidence of a lengthening muscle contraction. Clin. Biomech. 15, 426–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(99)00097-2 (2000).
doi: 10.1016/S0268-0033(99)00097-2
Chang, C.-Y., Rupp, J. D., Kikuchi, N. & Schneider, L. W. Development of a Finite Element Model to Study the Effects of Muscle Forces on Knee-Thigh-Hip Injuries in Frontal Crashes (SAE Technical Paper, 2008).
doi: 10.4271/2008-22-0018
Chang, C.-Y., Rupp, J. D., Reed, M. P., Hughes, R. E. & Schneider, L. W. Predicting the Effects of Muscle Activation on Knee, Thigh, and Hip Injuries in Frontal Crashes Using a Finite-Element Model with Muscle Forces from Subject Testing and Musculoskeletal Modeling (SAE Technical Paper, 2009).
doi: 10.4271/2009-22-0011
Wang, S. C. et al. Increased depth of subcutaneous fat is protective against abdominal injuries in motor vehicle collisions. In 47th Annual Scientific Conference of the AAAM (Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine) 545–559 (2003).
Reed, M. P. et al. Passenger head kinematics in abrupt braking and lane change events. Traffic Inj. Prev. 19, S70–S77. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2018.1481957 (2018).
doi: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1481957
pubmed: 30543309