Elucidating the structural, catalytic, and antibacterial traits of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica leaf extract-mediated synthesis of the Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite.
Azadirachta indica
Ficus carica
antibacterial
degradation
dyes, antibiotics
reduced graphene oxide
Journal
Microscopy research and technique
ISSN: 1097-0029
Titre abrégé: Microsc Res Tech
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9203012
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 Jan 2024
04 Jan 2024
Historique:
revised:
07
12
2023
received:
19
06
2023
accepted:
18
12
2023
medline:
4
1
2024
pubmed:
4
1
2024
entrez:
4
1
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
The present exploration demonstrates the efficient, sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly green approach for the synthesis of silver (Ag)-doped copper oxide (CuO) embedded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite using the green one-pot method and the green deposition method. Leaf extracts of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica were used for both methods as reducing and capping agents. The effect of methodology and plant extract was analyzed through different characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The lowest band gap of 3.0 eV was observed for the Ag/CuO/rGO prepared by the green one-pot method using F. carica. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the formation of metal oxide was confirmed through functional group detection using FT-IR. Calculation of thermodynamic parameters showed that all reactions involved were nonspontaneous and endothermic which shows the stability of nanocomposites. XRD studies revealed the crystallinity, phase purity and small average crystallite size of 32.67 nm. SEM images disclosed that the morphology of the nanocomposites was spherical with agglomeration and rough texture. The particle size of the nanocomposites calculated through HRTEM was found in agreement with the XRD results. The numerous properties of the synthesized nanocomposites enhanced their potential against the degradation of methylene blue, rhodamine B, and ciprofloxacin. The highest percentage degradation of Ag/CuO/rGO was found to be 97%, synthesized using the green one-pot method with F. carica against ciprofloxacin, which might be due to the lowest band gap, delayed electron-hole pair recombination, and large surface area available. The nanocomposites were also tested against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Facile synthesis of Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite using a green one-pot method and the green deposition method. The lowest band gap of 3.0 eV was observed for nanocomposite prepared by a green one-pot method using Ficus carica. Least average crystallite size of 32.67 nm was found for nanocomposite prepared by a green one-pot method using F. carica. Highest antibacterial and catalytic activity (97%) was obtained against ciprofloxacin with nanocomposite prepared through green one-pot method using F. carica. A mechanism of green synthesis is proposed.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Références
Adnan, R., Razana, N. A., Rahman, I. A., & Farrukh, M. A. (2010). Synthesis and characterization of high surface area tin oxide nanoparticles via the sol-gel method as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of styrene. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 57(2), 222-229.
Adyani, S. H., & Soleimani, E. (2019). Green synthesis of Ag/Fe3O4/RGO nanocomposites by Punica Granatum peel extract: Catalytic activity for reduction of organic pollutants. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(5), 2711-2730.
Ahmed, A. A., Rizvi, Z. R., Shahzad, H., & Farrukh, M. A. (2022). Neodymium oxide nanoparticles synthesis using phytochemicals of leaf extracts of different plants as reducing and capping agents: Growth mechanism, optical, structural and catalytic properties. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 69(3), 462-475.
Akbar, S., Farrukh, M. A., & Chong, K. K. (2023). Facile synthesis of Gd2O3/rGO nanocomposite: Optical, thermal, morphological, structural, and catalytic studies. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 97(4), 722-734.
Alamier, W. M., Oteef, D. Y., Bakry, A. M., Hasan, N., Ismail, K. S., & Awad, F. S. (2023). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acacia ehrenbergiana plant cortex extract for efficient removal of Rhodamine B cationic dye from wastewater and the evaluation of antimicrobial activity. ACS Omega, 8(21), 18901-18914.
Alayande, A. B., Kim, C. M., Vrouwenvelder, J. S., & Kim, I. S. (2020). Antibacterial rGO-CuO-Ag film with contact-and release-based inactivation properties. Environmental Research, 191, 110130.
Aliyev, E., Filiz, V., Khan, M. M., Lee, Y. J., Abetz, C., & Abetz, V. (2019). Structural characterization of graphene oxide: Surface functional groups and fractionated oxidative debris. Nanomaterials, 9(8), 1180.
Almansob, A., Bahkali, A. H., Albarrag, A., Alshomrani, M., Binjomah, A., Hailan, W. A., & Ameen, F. (2022). Effective treatment of resistant opportunistic fungi associated with immuno-compromised individuals using silver biosynthesized nanoparticles. Applied Nanoscience, 12(12), 3871-3882.
Ameen, F. (2022). Optimization of the synthesis of fungus-mediated bi-metallic Ag-Cu nanoparticles. Applied Sciences, 12(3), 1384.
Anand, K., Murugan, V., Mohana Roopan, S., Surendra, T. V., Chuturgoon, A. A., & Muniyasamy, S. (2018). Degradation treatment of 4-Nitrophenol by Moringa oleifera synthesised GO-CeO2 nanoparticles as catalyst. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 28, 2241-2248.
Anjaneyulu, R. B., Mohan, B. S., Naidu, G. P., & Muralikrishna, R. (2019). ZrO2/Fe2O3/RGO nanocomposite: Good photocatalyst for dyes degradation. Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 108, 105-111.
Arshad, M., Farrukh, M., Imtiaz, A., & Noor, N. (2015). Solvent assisted synthesis of tin-zinc oxide nanoparticles: Structural characterization and antimicrobial activity. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 27(1), 371-374.
Arshad, M., Farrukh, M. A., Sarfraz, R. A., Qayyum, A., & Ali, S. (2016). Structural characterization of Fe/TiO2 nanoparticles: Antioxidant and antibacterial studies. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 6(5), 1497-1501.
Bashir, M., Ali, S., & Farrukh, M. A. (2020). Green synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles from orange peel extract and a study of its antibacterial activity. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 76(9), 848-854.
Bhardwaj, D., & Singh, R. (2021). Green biomimetic synthesis of Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite using Origanum majorana leaf extract under sonication and their biological activities. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 8, 1-12.
Bo, Z., Shuai, X., Mao, S., Yang, H., Qian, J., Chen, J., Yan, J., & Cen, K. (2014). Green preparation of reduced graphene oxide for sensing and energy storage applications. Scientific Reports, 4(1), 1-8.
Çıplak, Z., Getiren, B., Gökalp, C., Yıldız, A., & Yıldız, N. (2020). Green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-AgAu bimetallic nanocomposite: Catalytic performance. Chemical Engineering Communications, 207(4), 559-573.
El-Shafai, N. M., El-Khouly, M. E., El-Kemary, M., Ramadan, M. S., & Masoud, M. S. (2018). Graphene oxide-metal oxide nanocomposites: Fabrication, characterization and removal of cationic rhodamine B dye. RSC Advances, 8(24), 13323-13332.
Farrukh, M. A., Butt, K. M., Chong, K. K., & Chang, W. S. (2019). Photoluminescence emission behavior on the reduced band gap of Fe doping in CeO2-SiO2 nanocomposite and photophysical properties. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 23(5), 561-575.
Farrukh, M. A., Muneer, I., Butt, K. M., Batool, S., & Fakhar, N. (2016). Effect of dielectric constant of solvents on the particle size and bandgap of La/SnO2-TiO2 nanoparticles and their catalytic properties. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 63(12), 952-959.
Farrukh, M. A., Shahid, M., Muneer, I., Javaid, S., & Khaleeq-ur-Rahman, M. (2016). Influence of gadolinium precursor on the enhanced red shift of Gd/SnO2-TiO2 nanoparticles and catalytic activity. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 27, 2994-3002.
Fatima, R., Warsi, M. F., Sarwar, M. I., Shakir, I., Agboola, P. O., Aboud, M. F. A., & Zulfiqar, S. (2021). Synthesis and characterization of hetero-metallic oxides-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for photocatalytic applications. Ceramics International, 47(6), 7642-7652.
Felix, S., Kollu, P., & Grace, A. N. (2019). Electrochemical performance of Ag-CuO nanocomposites towards glucose sensing. Materials Research Innovations, 23(1), 27-32.
Ganesan, K., Jothi, V. K., Natarajan, A., Rajaram, A., Ravichandran, S., & Ramalingam, S. (2020). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles decorated with graphene oxide for anticancer activity and catalytic applications. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(8), 6802-6814.
Goh, H. S., Adnan, R., & Farrukh, M. A. (2011). ZnO nanoflake arrays prepared via anodization and their performance in the photodegradation of methyl orange. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 35(3), 375-391.
Gupta, A., Jamatia, R., Patil, R. A., Ma, Y. R., & Pal, A. K. (2018). Copper oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite-catalyzed synthesis of flavanones and flavanones with triazole hybrid molecules in one-pot: A green and sustainable approach. ACS Omega, 3(7), 7288-7299.
Gupta, B., Kumar, N., Panda, K., Kanan, V., Joshi, S., & Visoly-Fisher, I. (2017). Role of oxygen functional groups in reduced graphene oxide for lubrication. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1-14.
Hamid, A., Haq, S., Ur Rehman, S., Akhter, K., Rehman, W., Waseem, M., Ud Din, S., Hafeez, M., Khan, A., & Shah, A. (2021). Calcination temperature-driven antibacterial and antioxidant activities of fumaria indica mediated copper oxide nanoparticles: Characterization. Chemical Papers, 75(8), 4189-4198.
Han, C., Andersen, J., Pillai, S. C., Fagan, R., Falaras, P., Byrne, J. A., Dunlop, P. S. M., Choi, H., Jiang, W., O'Shea, K., & Dionysiou, D. D. (2013). Chapter green nanotechnology: Development of nanomaterials for environmental and energy applications. ACS Symposium Series, 1124, 201-229.
Hou, D., Liu, Q., Cheng, H., Li, K., Wang, D., & Zhang, H. (2016). Chrysanthemum extract assisted green reduction of graphene oxide. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 183, 76-82.
Imtiaz, A., Farrukh, M. A., Khaleeq-Ur-Rahman, M., & Adnan, R. (2013). Micelle assisted synthesis of Al2O3.CaO nanocatalyst: optical properties and their applications in photodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 641420.
Iqtedar, M., Aslam, M., Akhyar, M., Shehzaad, A., Abdullah, R., & Kaleem, A. (2019). Extracellular biosynthesis, characterization, optimization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Bacillus mojavensis BTCB15 and its antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant pathogens. Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 49(2), 136-142.
Iram, F., & Farrukh, M. A. (2016). Synthesis of Fe doped SnO2-TiO2 nano-catalysts via solgel method and their structural and catalytic activities against pollutants. In S. Shimazu & S. Tursiloadi (Eds.), Transferring Nanotechnology Concept towards Business Perspectives (pp. 165-183). Daya Publishing House, Astral International Pvt. Ltd.
Ishtiaq, A., Farrukh, M. A., Rehman, A. U., Karim, S., & Chong, K. K. (2022). Facile synthesis of zwitterionic surfactant-assisted molybdenum oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 69(2), 269-279.
Jabeen, G., Khurshid, S., Ali, S., & Farrukh, M. A. (2017). Detection and removal of chromium under various process parameters from the local industrial wastewater by Nymphaeaalba. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences, 87(3), 333-337.
Javaid, A., & Farrukh, M. A. (2023). Comparison of photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of allotropes of graphene doped Sm2O3 nanocomposites: Optical, thermal and structural studies. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 70(1), 32-45.
Javaid, S., Farrukh, M. A., Muneer, I., Shahid, M., Khaleeq-ur-Rahman, M., & Umar, A. A. (2015). Influence of optical band gap and particle size on the catalytic properties of Sm/SnO2-TiO2 nanoparticles. Superlattices and Microstructures, 82, 234-247.
Khalil, Z., & Farrukh, M. A. (2021). An efficient nanofiltration system containing mixture of rice husk ash and Fe/CeO2-SiO2 nanocomposite for the removal of azo dye and pesticide. Pure Applied Chemistry, 93(5), 607-621.
Kumaresan, N., Sinthiya, M. M. A., Ramamurthi, K., Ramesh Babu, R., & Sethuraman, K. (2020). Visible light driven photocatalytic activity of ZnO/CuO nanocomposites coupled with rGO heterostructures synthesized by solid-state method for RhB dye degradation. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(2), 3910-3928.
Kumari, V., Kaushal, S., & Singh, P. P. (2022). Green synthesis of a CuO/rGO nanocomposite using a Terminalia arjuna bark extract and its catalytic activity for the purification of water. Materials Advances, 3(4), 2170-2184.
Lin, Y., Hong, R., Chen, H., Zhang, D., & Xu, J. (2020). Green synthesis of ZnO-GO composites for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2020, 1-11.
Liu, H., Liu, T., Dong, X., Lv, Y., & Zhu, Z. (2014). A novel fabrication of SnO2@ graphene oxide core/shell structures with enhanced visible photocatalytic activity. Materials Letters, 126, 36-38.
Lucchesi Schio, A., Farias Soares, M. R., Machado, G., & Barcellos, T. (2021). Improved mechanochemical fabrication of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles with low E-factor. Efficient catalytic activity for nitroarene reduction in aqueous medium. ACS Sustainable Chemistry &. Engineering, 9(29), 9661-9670.
Mahmood, A., Zulfiqar, S., Ali, S., Ammara, U., Mahmood, K., Farrukh, M. A., Saeed, Z., & Ibrahim, M. (2021). Novel Fe2O3-CuO-MoO3 magnetic nanocomposite for photocatalysis of methylene blue. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 34(7), 1791-1799.
Majumdar, D., Baugh, N., & Bhattacharya, S. K. (2017). Ultrasound assisted formation of reduced graphene oxide-copper (II) oxide nanocomposite for energy storage applications. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 512, 158-170.
Manjari, G., Saran, S., Arun, T., Rao, A. V. B., & Devipriya, S. P. (2017). Catalytic and recyclability properties of phytogenic copper oxide nanoparticles derived from Aglaia elaeagnoidea flower extract. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 21(5), 610-618.
Mishra, A. K., Roldan, A., & de Leeuw, N. H. (2016). CuO surfaces and CO2 activation: A dispersion-corrected DFT+ U study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 120(4), 2198-2214.
Mubeen, I., & Farrukh, M. A. (2023). Mechanisms of green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using Trifolium alexandrinum extract and degradation of methylene blue. Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 53(1), 23-32.
Muneer, I., & Farrukh, M. A. (2022). Structural, optical, photoluminescence, photocatalytic and antifungal features of Gd/Mn2SnO4 nanocomposite annealed at different temperatures. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 33(3), 1263-1279.
Muneer, I., Farrukh, M. A., Ali, D., & Bashir, F. (2021). Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes by highly efficient GdCoSnO3. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 265, 115028.
Nagar, N., & Devra, V. (2018). Green synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 213, 44-51.
Naseem, T., & Farrukh, M. A. (2015). Antibacterial activity of green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using Lawsonia inermis and Gardenia jasminoides leaves extract. Journal of Chemistry, 2015, 1-7.
Perveen, S., & Farrukh, M. A. (2017, November 15). TiO.85SnO.15O2 nanocomposite: An efficient semiconductor photocatalyst for degradation of pesticides under solar light. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29(4), 3219-3230.
Pourbeyram, S., Bayrami, R., & Dadkhah, H. (2017). Green synthesis and characterization of ultrafine copper oxide reduced graphene oxide (CuO/rGO) nanocomposite. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 529, 73-79.
Qazzazie, D., Beckert, M., Mülhaupt, R., Yurchenko, O., & Urban, G. (2015). A nitrogen-doped graphene electrocatalyst for selective oxygen reduction in presence of glucose and D-gluconic acid in pH-neutral media. Electrochimica Acta, 186, 579-590.
Qiao, Q., Liu, C., Gao, W., & Huang, L. (2019). Graphene oxide model with desirable structural and chemical properties. Carbon, 143, 566-577.
Rahmani, A., Almatroudi, A., Alrumaihi, F., & Khan, A. (2018). Pharmacological and therapeutic potential of neem (Azadirachta indica). Pharmacognosy Reviews, 12(24), 250-255.
Rahmani, A. H., & Aldebasi, Y. H. (2017). Ficus carica and its constituents role in management of diseases. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10(6), 49-53.
Roy, B., Jing, Y., & Basu, B. (2017). Reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) using nature-based reducing sources: Detailed studies on properties morphologies and catalytic activity. Current Graphene Science, 1(1), 71-79.
Sagadevan, S., Lett, J. A., Weldegebrieal, G. K., Garg, S., Oh, W. C., Hamizi, N. A., & Johan, M. R. (2021). Enhanced photocatalytic activity of rGO-CuO nanocomposites for the degradation of organic pollutants. Catalysts, 11(8), 1008.
Sasidharan, S., Raj, S., Sonawane, S., Sonawane, S., Pinjari, D., Pandit, A. B., & Saudagar, P. (2019). Nanomaterial synthesis: Chemical and biological route and applications. Nanomaterials Synthesis, 27-51.
Shaukat, A., Farrukh, M. A., Chong, K. K., Nawaz, R., Qamar, M. T., Iqbal, S., Awwad, N. S., & Ibrahium, H. A. (2023). The impact of different green synthetic routes on the photocatalytic potential of FeSnO2 for the removal of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes under natural sunlight exposure. Catalysts, 13(7), 1135.
Sher Shah, M. S. A., Park, A. R., Zhang, K., Park, J. H., & Yoo, P. J. (2012). Green synthesis of biphasic TiO2-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with highly enhanced photocatalytic activity. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 4(8), 3893-3901.
Siddique, S., Waseem, M., Naseem, T., Bibi, A., Hafeez, M., Din, S. U., Haq, S., & Qureshi, S. (2021). Photo-catalytic and anti-microbial activities of rGO/CuO nanocomposite. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 31(3), 1359-1372.
Singh, P., Nath, P., Arun, R. K., Mandal, S., & Chanda, N. (2016). Novel synthesis of a mixed Cu/CuO-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite with enhanced peroxidase-like catalytic activity for easy detection of glutathione in solution and using a paper strip. RSC Advances, 6(95), 92729-92738.
Sree, G. S., Botsa, S. M., Reddy, B. J. M., & Ranjitha, K. V. B. (2020). Enhanced UV-visible triggered photocatalytic degradation of brilliant green by reduced graphene oxide based NiO and CuO ternary nanocomposite and their antimicrobial activity. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(4), 5137-5150.
Taha, A., Ben Aissa, M., & Da'na, E. (2020). Green synthesis of an activated carbon-supported Ag and ZnO nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation and its antibacterial activities. Molecules, 25(7), 1586.
Tantubay, K., Das, P., & Sen, M. B. (2020). Ternary reduced graphene oxide-CuO/ZnO nanocomposite as a recyclable catalyst with enhanced reducing capability. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(4), 103818.
Thakur, S., & Karak, N. (2012). Green reduction of graphene oxide by aqueous phytoextracts. Carbon, 50(14), 5331-5339.
Williams, G., Seger, B., & Kamat, P. V. (2008). TiO2-graphene nanocomposites. UV-assisted photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide. ACS Nano, 2(7), 1487-1491.
Yaseen, M., Farooq, M. U., Ahmad, W., & Subhan, F. (2021). Fabrication of rGO-CuO and/or Ag2O nanoparticles incorporated polyvinyl acetate based mixed matrix membranes for the removal of Cr6+ from anti-corrosive paint industrial wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(2), 105151.
Yazid, H., Adnan, R., Hamid, S. A., & Farrukh, M. A. (2010). Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles supported on zinc oxide via the deposition-precipitation method. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 34(4), 639-650.
Younas, N., Farrukh, M. A., Ali, S., Ditta, M. A., & Adnan, R. (2017). Structural, optical, and catalytic properties of undoped and CdS doped CuO-ZnO nanoparticles. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 91(11), 2201-2207.
Yu, X., Li, Z., Dang, K., Zhang, Z., Gao, L., Duan, L., Jiang, Z., Fan, J., & Zhao, P. (2018). Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag-ZnO/RGO nanocomposites for removal of methylene blue. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29, 8729-8737.
Zhang, K., Suh, J. M., Lee, T. H., Cha, J. H., Choi, J. W., Jang, H. W., Varma, R. S., & Shokouhimehr, M. (2019). Copper oxide-graphene oxide nanocomposite: Efficient catalyst for hydrogenation of nitroaromatics in water. Nano Convergence, 6(1), 1-7.
Zhu, C., Guo, S., Fang, Y., & Dong, S. (2010). Reducing sugar: New functional molecules for the green synthesis of graphene nanosheets. ACS Nano, 4(4), 2429-2437.
Zhu, S., Chen, M., Ren, W., Yang, J., Qu, S., Li, Z., & Diao, G. (2015). Microwave assisted synthesis of α-Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide as anode material for high performance lithium ion batteries. New Journal of Chemistry, 39(10), 7923-7931.