When to use either spironolactone, eplerenone or finerenone in the spectrum of cardiorenal diseases.

Kidney disease frequently coexists with cardiovascular diseases, and this dual presence significantly amplifies the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Shared pathophysiological mechanisms and common cardiovascular risk factors contribute to the increased expression of mineralocorticoid receptors, which in turn can drive the progression of chronic cardiovascular-kidney disorder. The steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) spironolactone and eplerenone have demonstrated the efficacy in improving patient outcomes in cases of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction or those after a myocardial infarction, but have limited value in patients with chronic kidney disease. The non-steroidal MRA finerenone has now established itself as a foundational guideline-recommended therapy in patients with diabetic kidney disease. To date, these pharmacological agents have been developed in distinct patient populations. The consequences of their distinct pharmacological profiles necessitate further consideration. They have not undergone testing across the entire spectrum of cardiorenal scenarios, and the evidence base is currently being complemented with ongoing trials. In this review, we aim to synthesize the existing body of evidence and chart the future trajectory for the use of spironolactone, eplerenone and finerenone in improving clinical outcomes across the diverse spectrum of cardiorenal diseases. By consolidating the current state of knowledge, we seek to provide valuable insights for informed decision-making in the management of patients with these complex and interconnected conditions.

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA.