Polysaccharide from Thymelaea hirsuta L. leaves: Structural characterization, functional properties and antioxidant evaluation.

In this study, we successfully extracted a new polysaccharide from Thymelaea hirsuta L., which we named THP, with a yield of 13.94 % through aqueous extraction. The polysaccharide comprises 46.83 % neutral sugars and 7.08 % uronic acids. This heteropolysaccharide contains glucose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose with relative molar ratios of 29.68: 25.73: 21.31: 13.47 and 9.8, respectively. Analysis of glycosylation positions via methylation and structural features using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy revealed that THP has a repeating unit (1 → 3 and 1 → 4)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl backbone, with the d-glucopyranosyl residue as the branch point at O-6. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination showed ellipsoidal granules with smooth surface. This polysaccharide also has good foaming capacity and emulsion stability, and a water holding capacity of 1.81 g/g. The THP dispersion at 1 % showed shear thinning behavior, demonstrating that it is a promising natural additive in various food formulations. The polysaccharide also demonstrated significant antioxidant properties, with a total antioxidant capacity of 315 mg α-tocopherol equivalents/g and an IC

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.