Post-pandemic memory T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is durable, broadly targeted, and cross-reactive to the hypermutated BA.2.86 variant.

BA.2.86 sub-lineage SARS-CoV-2 T cell response T cell sustainability cross-reactivity

Journal

Cell host & microbe
ISSN: 1934-6069
Titre abrégé: Cell Host Microbe
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101302316

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
04 Jan 2024
Historique:
received: 27 10 2023
revised: 28 11 2023
accepted: 11 12 2023
medline: 12 1 2024
pubmed: 12 1 2024
entrez: 11 1 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolution has given rise to recombinant Omicron lineages that dominate globally (XBB.1), as well as the emergence of hypermutated variants (BA.2.86). In this context, durable and cross-reactive T cell immune memory is critical for continued protection against severe COVID-19. We examined T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 approximately 1.5 years since Omicron first emerged. We describe sustained CD4+ and CD8+ spike-specific T cell memory responses in healthcare workers in South Africa (n = 39) who were vaccinated and experienced at least one SARS-CoV-2 infection. Spike-specific T cells are highly cross-reactive with all Omicron variants tested, including BA.2.86. Abundant nucleocapsid and membrane-specific T cells are detectable in most participants. The bulk of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses have an early-differentiated phenotype, explaining their persistent nature. Overall, hybrid immunity leads to the accumulation of spike and non-spike T cells evident 3.5 years after the start of the pandemic, with preserved recognition of highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.12.003 PMID: 38211583
pubmed: 38211583
pii: S1931-3128(23)00498-5
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.12.003
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of interests A.S. is a consultant for AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Calyptus Pharmaceuticals Inc, Darwin Health, EmerVax, EUROIMMUN, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Fortress Biotech, Gilead Sciences, Granite bio., Gritstone Oncology, Guggenheim Securities, Moderna, Pfizer, RiverVest Venture Partners, and Turnstone Biologics. A.G. is a consultant for Pfizer. L.J.I. has filed for patent protection for various aspects of T cell epitope and vaccine design work.

Auteurs

Rofhiwa Nesamari (R)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Millicent A Omondi (MA)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Richard Baguma (R)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Maxine A Höft (MA)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Amkele Ngomti (A)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Anathi A Nkayi (AA)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Asiphe S Besethi (AS)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Siyabulela F J Magugu (SFJ)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Paballo Mosala (P)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Avril Walters (A)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Gesina M Clark (GM)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Mathilda Mennen (M)

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Non-communicable Disease and Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Sango Skelem (S)

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Non-communicable Disease and Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Marguerite Adriaanse (M)

Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Non-communicable Disease and Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Alba Grifoni (A)

Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Alessandro Sette (A)

Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA.

Roanne S Keeton (RS)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Ntobeko A B Ntusi (NAB)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Non-communicable Disease and Infectious Diseases, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Catherine Riou (C)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: cr.riou@uct.ac.za.

Wendy A Burgers (WA)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: wendy.burgers@uct.ac.za.

Classifications MeSH