Evolutionary dynamics of the LTR-retrotransposon crapaud in the Podospora anserina species complex and the interaction with repeat-induced point mutations.

Classification Fungi Genome defense Retrotransposons Transposable elements

Journal

Mobile DNA
ISSN: 1759-8753
Titre abrégé: Mob DNA
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101519891

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
13 Jan 2024
Historique:
received: 31 10 2023
accepted: 22 12 2023
medline: 14 1 2024
pubmed: 14 1 2024
entrez: 13 1 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

The genome of the filamentous ascomycete Podospora anserina shows a relatively high abundance of retrotransposons compared to other interspersed repeats. The LTR-retrotransposon family crapaud is particularly abundant in the genome, and consists of multiple diverged sequence variations specifically localized in the 5' half of both long terminal repeats (LTRs). P. anserina is part of a recently diverged species-complex, which makes the system ideal to classify the crapaud family based on the observed LTR variation and to study the evolutionary dynamics, such as the diversification and bursts of the elements over recent evolutionary time. We developed a sequence similarity network approach to classify the crapaud repeats of seven genomes representing the P. anserina species complex into 14 subfamilies. This method does not utilize a consensus sequence, but instead it connects any copies that share enough sequence similarity over a set sequence coverage. Based on phylogenetic analyses, we found that the crapaud repeats likely diversified in the ancestor of the complex and have had activity at different time points for different subfamilies. Furthermore, while we hypothesized that the evolution into multiple subfamilies could have been a direct effect of escaping the genome defense system of repeat induced point mutations, we found this not to be the case. Our study contributes to the development of methods to classify transposable elements in fungi, and also highlights the intricate patterns of retrotransposon evolution over short timescales and under high mutational load caused by nucleotide-altering genome defense.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
The genome of the filamentous ascomycete Podospora anserina shows a relatively high abundance of retrotransposons compared to other interspersed repeats. The LTR-retrotransposon family crapaud is particularly abundant in the genome, and consists of multiple diverged sequence variations specifically localized in the 5' half of both long terminal repeats (LTRs). P. anserina is part of a recently diverged species-complex, which makes the system ideal to classify the crapaud family based on the observed LTR variation and to study the evolutionary dynamics, such as the diversification and bursts of the elements over recent evolutionary time.
RESULTS RESULTS
We developed a sequence similarity network approach to classify the crapaud repeats of seven genomes representing the P. anserina species complex into 14 subfamilies. This method does not utilize a consensus sequence, but instead it connects any copies that share enough sequence similarity over a set sequence coverage. Based on phylogenetic analyses, we found that the crapaud repeats likely diversified in the ancestor of the complex and have had activity at different time points for different subfamilies. Furthermore, while we hypothesized that the evolution into multiple subfamilies could have been a direct effect of escaping the genome defense system of repeat induced point mutations, we found this not to be the case.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Our study contributes to the development of methods to classify transposable elements in fungi, and also highlights the intricate patterns of retrotransposon evolution over short timescales and under high mutational load caused by nucleotide-altering genome defense.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38218923
doi: 10.1186/s13100-023-00311-8
pii: 10.1186/s13100-023-00311-8
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

1

Subventions

Organisme : Vetenskapsrådet
ID : 2021-04290
Organisme : Vetenskapsrådet
ID : 2019-05188
Organisme : Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas
ID : 2019-01227

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

Ivar Westerberg (I)

Department of Ecology, environmental and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden.

S Lorena Ament-Velásquez (SL)

Division of Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden.

Aaron A Vogan (AA)

Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden. aaron.vogan@ebc.uu.se.

Hanna Johannesson (H)

Department of Ecology, environmental and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden. hanna.johannesson@su.se.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, 114 18, Sweden. hanna.johannesson@su.se.

Classifications MeSH