The sound of Parkinson's disease: A model of audible bradykinesia.

Evaluation of bradykinesia is based on five motor tasks from the MDS-UPDRS. Visually scoring these motor tasks is subjective, resulting in significant interrater variability. Recent observations suggest that it may be easier to hear the characteristic features of bradykinesia, such as the decrement in sound intensity or force of repetitive movements. The objective is to evaluate whether audio signals derived during four MDS-UPDRS tasks can be used to detect and grade bradykinesia, using two machine learning models. 54 patients with Parkinson's disease and 28 healthy controls were filmed while executing the bradykinesia motor tasks. Several features were extracted from the audio signal, including number of taps, speed, sound intensity, decrement and freezes. For each motor task, two supervised machine learning models were trained, Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Both classifiers were able to separate patients from controls reasonably well for the leg agility task, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.92 (95%CI: 0.78-0.99) for LR and 0.93 (0.81-1.00) for SVM. Also, models were able to differentiate less severe bradykinesia from severe bradykinesia, particularly for the pronation-supination motor task, with AUC: 0.90 (0.62-1.00) for LR and 0.82 (0.45-0.97) for SVM. This audio-based approach discriminates PD from healthy controls with moderate-high accuracy and separated individuals with less severe bradykinesia from those with severe bradykinesia. Sound analysis may contribute to the identification and monitoring of bradykinesia.

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Rui Araujo reports a relationship with Bial that includes: consulting or advisory and speaking and lecture fees. Rui Araujo reports a relationship with Roche that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Nienke de Vries reports a relationship with Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development that includes: funding grants. Nienke de Vries reports a relationship with The Michael J Fox Foundation that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Practical Neurology and Digital Biomarkers that includes: board membership. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Bial that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with AbbVie that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Zambon that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Roche that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with GE healthcare that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with The Michael J Fox Foundation that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with UCB that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with AbbVie that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Stichting Parkinson fonds that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Hersenstichting Nederland that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Parkinson's foundation that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Verily Life Sciences LLC that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Horizon 2020 that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Topsector Life Sciences and Health that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Gatsby foundation that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Parkinson Vereniging that includes: funding grants. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Journal of Parkinson's Disease that includes: board membership. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with Biogen that includes: board membership. Bastiaan Bloem reports a relationship with UCB that includes: board membership. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.