Pathogenomics of Helicobacter pylori.
Adaptation and selection
Human migrations
Microevolution
Pathogenomics
Population structure
Journal
Current topics in microbiology and immunology
ISSN: 0070-217X
Titre abrégé: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 0110513
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
medline:
17
1
2024
pubmed:
17
1
2024
entrez:
17
1
2024
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The human stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of gastritis, ulcers and adenocarcinoma, possesses very high genetic diversity. H. pylori has been associated with anatomically modern humans since their origins over 100,000 years ago and has co-evolved with its human host ever since. Predominantly intrafamilial and local transmission, along with genetic isolation, genetic drift, and selection have facilitated the development of distinct bacterial populations that are characteristic for large geographical areas. H. pylori utilizes a large arsenal of virulence and colonization factors to mediate the interaction with its host. Those include various adhesins, the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA, urease, serine protease HtrA, the cytotoxin-associated genes pathogenicity island (cagPAI)-encoded type-IV secretion system and its effector protein CagA, all of which contribute to disease development. While many pathogenicity-related factors are present in all strains, some belong to the auxiliary genome and are associated with specific phylogeographic populations. H. pylori is naturally competent for DNA uptake and recombination, and its genome evolution is driven by extraordinarily high recombination and mutation rates that are by far exceeding those in other bacteria. Comparative genome analyses revealed that adaptation of H. pylori to individual hosts is associated with strong selection for particular protein variants that facilitate immune evasion, especially in surface-exposed and in secreted virulence factors. Recent studies identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in H. pylori that are associated with the development of severe gastric disease, including gastric cancer. Here, we review the current knowledge about the pathogenomics of H. pylori.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38231217
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_5
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
117-155Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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