Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels as a candidate biomarker for withdrawal in crack heroin dependence.
Biomarkers
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Crack heroin
Neuroplasticity
Opiate dependence
Withdrawal
Journal
Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy
ISSN: 1747-597X
Titre abrégé: Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101258060
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
20 Jan 2024
20 Jan 2024
Historique:
received:
10
07
2023
accepted:
09
01
2024
medline:
21
1
2024
pubmed:
21
1
2024
entrez:
20
1
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Crack heroin is a novel opiate derivative with highly addictive properties and unfamiliar health consequences. It causes a variety of brain dysfunctions that are mediated by neurochemical alterations and abnormal neuroplasticity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a widely recognized biological marker implicated in the neuropathology of substance use during substance use disorder and withdrawal. Its involvement can significantly contribute to the severity of withdrawal symptoms. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate BDNF levels in crack heroin users before and after withdrawal. In this cross-sectional study, 148 male participants were recruited and divided into two groups: persons with crack heroin use disorder (n = 74) and the controls (n = 74). The BDNF serum levels were measured in both crack heroin users and control groups upon hospitalization and again after twenty-one days of withdrawal using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrated that BDNF levels in persons with crack heroin use disorder upon admission were significantly lower than the levels observed upon discharge and in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant difference in BDNF levels was found between persons with crack heroin use disorder at admission and discharge (p = 0.038). Furthermore, BDNF levels showed an inverse correlation with the daily dose of substance use (r= -0.420, p = 0.03) and the duration of crack heroin use (r= -0.235, p = 0.001). A progressive increment in BDNF levels during early detoxification is associated with the daily amount of substance use and the duration of substance use. Our findings suggest that changes in BDNF serum levels during crack heroin use disorder and withdrawal could serve as potential biomarkers for assessing the intensity of withdrawal symptoms and substance use-related behaviors.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Crack heroin is a novel opiate derivative with highly addictive properties and unfamiliar health consequences. It causes a variety of brain dysfunctions that are mediated by neurochemical alterations and abnormal neuroplasticity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a widely recognized biological marker implicated in the neuropathology of substance use during substance use disorder and withdrawal. Its involvement can significantly contribute to the severity of withdrawal symptoms. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate BDNF levels in crack heroin users before and after withdrawal.
METHODS
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 148 male participants were recruited and divided into two groups: persons with crack heroin use disorder (n = 74) and the controls (n = 74). The BDNF serum levels were measured in both crack heroin users and control groups upon hospitalization and again after twenty-one days of withdrawal using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The results demonstrated that BDNF levels in persons with crack heroin use disorder upon admission were significantly lower than the levels observed upon discharge and in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant difference in BDNF levels was found between persons with crack heroin use disorder at admission and discharge (p = 0.038). Furthermore, BDNF levels showed an inverse correlation with the daily dose of substance use (r= -0.420, p = 0.03) and the duration of crack heroin use (r= -0.235, p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
A progressive increment in BDNF levels during early detoxification is associated with the daily amount of substance use and the duration of substance use. Our findings suggest that changes in BDNF serum levels during crack heroin use disorder and withdrawal could serve as potential biomarkers for assessing the intensity of withdrawal symptoms and substance use-related behaviors.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38245698
doi: 10.1186/s13011-024-00591-0
pii: 10.1186/s13011-024-00591-0
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
9Subventions
Organisme : Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
ID : 9413-16
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Drugs EMCf, Addiction D. European drug report 2019. Publications Office of the European Union Luxembourg; 2019.
Devlin RJ, Henry JA. Clinical review: major consequences of illicit drug consumption. Crit Care. 2008;12(1):1–7.
doi: 10.1186/cc6166
Kaye S, Darke S. Injecting and non-injecting cocaine use in Sydney, Australia: physical and psychological morbidity. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2004;23(4):391–8.
pubmed: 15763743
doi: 10.1080/09595230412331324518
Fernandez AD. Lines across Europe. Nature and extent of Cocaine use in Barcelona, Rotterdam and Turin1993.
Goertz RB, Wanat MJ, Gomez JA, Brown ZJ, Phillips PE, Paladini CA. Cocaine increases dopaminergic neuron and motor activity via midbrain α1 adrenergic signaling. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015;40(5):1151–62.
pubmed: 25374094
doi: 10.1038/npp.2014.296
Verma V. Classic studies on the interaction of cocaine and the dopamine transporter. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2015;13(3):227.
pubmed: 26598579
pmcid: 4662164
doi: 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.227
Pianca TG, Rohde LA, Rosa RL, Begnis APA, Ferronatto PB, Jensen MC, et al. Crack cocaine use in adolescents: clinical characteristics and predictors of early initiation. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(10):3917.
doi: 10.4088/JCP.15m09894
dos Anjos Rosário B, de Nazaré MFS, Estadella D, Ribeiro DA, de Barros Viana M. Behavioral and neurobiological alterations induced by chronic use of crack cocaine. Rev Neurosci. 2020;31(1):59–75.
doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0118
Farhoudian A, Sadeghi M, Vishteh HRK, Moazen B, Fekri M, Movaghar AR. Component analysis of Iranian crack; a newly abused narcotic substance in Iran. Iran J Pharm Research: IJPR. 2014;13(1):337.
pubmed: 24734089
pmcid: 3985238
Aberoumandi SM, Vousooghi N, Tabrizi BA, Karimi P. Heroin-based crack induces hyperalgesia through β-arrestin 2 redistribution and phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and JNK in the periaqueductal gray area. Neurosci Lett. 2019;698:133–9.
pubmed: 30641110
doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.023
Anders QS, Ferreira LVB, Rodrigues LCM, Nakamura-Palacios EM. BDNF mRNA expression in leukocytes and frontal cortex function in drug use disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:469.
pubmed: 32508693
pmcid: 7248396
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00469
Schuch-Goi SB, Goi PD, Bermudez M, Fara LS, Kessler FP, Pechansky F, et al. Accumbens volumes are reduced among crack-cocaine users. Neurosci Lett. 2017;645:86–9.
pubmed: 28259655
doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.073
Anbar AP, Piran T, Farhadi M, Karimi P. Iranian crack induces hepatic injury through mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the liver of Wistar rat. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2018;21(11):1179.
McEwen BS. Allostasis and allostatic load: implications for neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000;22(2):108–24.
pubmed: 10649824
doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00129-3
Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Shakiba M, Alhagh Charkhat Gorgich E. Stereological Analysis of the brain in methamphetamine abusers compared to the controls. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2017;6(4):e63201.
doi: 10.5812/ijhrba.63201
White FJ, Kalivas PW. Neuroadaptations involved in amphetamine and cocaine addiction. Drug and alcohol dependence. 1998.
Zaparte A, Viola TW, Grassi-Oliveira R, da Silva Morrone M, Moreira JC, Bauer ME. Early abstinence of crack-cocaine is effective to attenuate oxidative stress and to improve antioxidant defences. Psychopharmacology. 2015;232:1405–13.
pubmed: 25338778
doi: 10.1007/s00213-014-3779-8
Hirsch GE, Jaskulski M, Hamerski HM, Porto FG, da Silva B, Aita CAM, et al. Evaluation of oxidative stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels related to crack-use detoxification. Neurosci Lett. 2018;670:62–8.
pubmed: 29374540
doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.044
Sharma V, Singh TG, Kaur A, Mannan A, Dhiman S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a novel dynamically regulated therapeutic modulator in neurological disorders. Neurochem Res. 2023;48(2):317–39.
pubmed: 36308619
doi: 10.1007/s11064-022-03755-1
Huang MC, Chen CH, Liu HC, Chen CC, Ho CC, Leu SJ. Differential patterns of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in alcoholic patients with and without delirium tremens during acute withdrawal. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2011;35(1):126– 31.
Heberlein A, Dürsteler-MacFarland KM, Lenz B, Frieling H, Grösch M, Bönsch D, et al. Serum levels of BDNF are associated with craving in opiate-dependent patients. J Psychopharmacol. 2011;25(11):1480–4.
pubmed: 21890593
doi: 10.1177/0269881111411332
Gueye AB, Allain F, Samaha A-N. Intermittent intake of rapid cocaine injections promotes the risk of relapse and increases mesocorticolimbic BDNF levels during abstinence. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;44(6):1027–35.
pubmed: 30405186
doi: 10.1038/s41386-018-0249-8
Sordi AO, Pechansky F, Kessler FHP, Kapczinski F, Pfaffenseller B, Gubert C, et al. Oxidative stress and BDNF as possible markers for the severity of crack cocaine use in early withdrawal. Psychopharmacology. 2014;231:4031–9.
pubmed: 24676990
doi: 10.1007/s00213-014-3542-1
Zhang J, Zhang X, Su H, Tao J, Xie Y, Han B, et al. Increased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels during opiate withdrawal. Neurosci Lett. 2014;571:61–5.
pubmed: 24810885
doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.048
Koob GF, Le Moal M. Addiction and the brain antireward system. Annu Rev Psychol. 2008;59:29–53.
pubmed: 18154498
doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093548
American Psychiatric Association, Association D. AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. American psychiatric association Washington, DC; 2013.
George O, Koob GF. Individual differences in prefrontal cortex function and the transition from drug use to drug dependence. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews. 2010;35(2):232–47.
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.05.002
Seger D. Cocaine, metamfetamine, and MDMA abuse: the role and clinical importance of neuroadaptation. Clin Toxicol. 2010;48(7):695–708.
doi: 10.3109/15563650.2010.516263
Volkow ND, Koob G, Baler R. Biomarkers in substance use dependences. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2015;6(4):522–5.
pubmed: 25734247
doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00067
Wise R, Bozarth M. Brain mechanisms of drug reward and euphoria. Psychiatric Med. 1985;3(4):445–60.
Ducray A, Kipfer S, Huber AW, Andres RH, Seiler RW, Schlattner U, et al. Creatine and neurotrophin-4/5 promote survival of nitric oxide synthase-expressing interneurons in striatal cultures. Neurosci Lett. 2006;395(1):57–62.
pubmed: 16314046
doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.051
Barker JM, Taylor JR, De Vries TJ, Peters J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and addiction: pathological versus therapeutic effects on drug seeking. Brain Res. 2015;1628:68–81.
pubmed: 25451116
doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.058
Costa KG, Cabral DA, Hohl R, Fontes EB. Rewiring the addicted brain through a psychobiological model of physical exercise. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:600.
pubmed: 31507468
pmcid: 6718472
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00600
Cheng M, Liu Q, Wang Y, Hao Y, Jing P, Jiao S, et al. MMP-9-BDNF pathway is implicated in cognitive impairment of male individuals with methamphetamine addiction during early withdrawal. Behav Brain Res. 2019;366:29–35.
pubmed: 30877026
doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.020
Pianca TG, Rosa RL, Ceresér KMM, de Aguiar BW, de Abrahão RC, Lazzari PM, et al. Differences in biomarkers of crack-cocaine adolescent users before/after abstinence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;177:207–13.
pubmed: 28618284
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.043
Von Diemen L, Kapczinski F, Sordi AO, de Magalhães Narvaez JC, Guimarães LSP, Kessler FHP, et al. Increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in early crack cocaine withdrawal. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014;17(1):33–40.
doi: 10.1017/S146114571300103X
Zhang K, Jiang H, Zhang Q, Du J, Wang Y, Zhao M. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels in heroin-dependent patients after 26 weeks of withdrawal. Compr Psychiatr. 2016;65:150–5.
doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.11.010
Sarkar S, Jain R, Kethawath SM, Gupta R, Kumar M. Serum BDNF levels in patients with opioid dependence during the early withdrawal period: a case control study. Neurosci Lett. 2018;681:100–4.
pubmed: 29859931
doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.048
Corominas-Roso M, Roncero C, Eiroa-Orosa FJ, Gonzalvo B, Grau-Lopez L, Ribases M, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels in cocaine-dependent patients during early abstinence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013;23(9):1078–84.
pubmed: 23021567
doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.08.016
D’Sa C, Fox HC, Hong AK, Dileone RJ, Sinha R. Increased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor is predictive of cocaine relapse outcomes: a prospective study. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;70(8):706–11.
pubmed: 21741029
pmcid: 3186871
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.05.013
Sadri-Vakili G, Kumaresan V, Schmidt HD, Famous KR, Chawla P, Vassoler FM, et al. Cocaine-induced chromatin remodeling increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcription in the rat medial prefrontal cortex, which alters the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine. J Neurosci. 2010;30(35):11735–44.
pubmed: 20810894
pmcid: 2943400
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2328-10.2010
Heidari Z, Moghtaderi A, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Gorgich EAC. Stereological evaluation of the brains in patients with parkinson’s disease compared to controls. Rev Rom Med Lab. 2017;25(3):265–74.
Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Moghtaderi A, Ramazanpour N, Gorgich EAC. Structural changes in the brain of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis compared to controls: a MRI-based stereological study. Ir J Med Sci. 2020;189:1421–7.
pubmed: 32436171
doi: 10.1007/s11845-020-02253-z
Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Shakiba M, Charkhat Gorgich EA. Brain structural changes in Schizophrenia patients compared to the control: a MRI-Based Cavalieri’s Method. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2023;14(3):355–64.
pubmed: 38077177
pmcid: 10700815
doi: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3481.1
Hyman C, Hofer M, Barde Y-A, Juhasz M, Yancopoulos GD, Squinto SP, et al. BDNF is a neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Nature. 1991;350(6315):230–2.
pubmed: 2005978
doi: 10.1038/350230a0
Collo G, Cavalleri L, Spano P. Structural plasticity in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons produced by drugs of abuse: critical role of BDNF and dopamine. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:259.
pubmed: 25505416
pmcid: 4243500
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00259
Volkow ND, Michaelides M, Baler R. The neuroscience of drug reward and addiction. Physiol Rev. 2019;99(4):2115–40.
pubmed: 31507244
pmcid: 6890985
doi: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2018
Cunha PJ, Gonçalves PD, Ometto M, Dos Santos B, Nicastri S, Busatto GF, et al. Executive cognitive dysfunction and ADHD in cocaine dependence: searching for a common cognitive endophenotype for addictive disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2013;4:126.
pubmed: 24155725
pmcid: 3801150
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00126