The brain cytokine orchestra in multiple sclerosis: from neuroinflammation to synaptopathology.

Chemokines Cytokines Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Multiple Sclerosis Neuroinflammation Neuromodulation Synaptopathy

Journal

Molecular brain
ISSN: 1756-6606
Titre abrégé: Mol Brain
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101468876

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
23 Jan 2024
Historique:
received: 21 11 2023
accepted: 18 01 2024
medline: 24 1 2024
pubmed: 24 1 2024
entrez: 23 1 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

The central nervous system (CNS) is finely protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Immune soluble factors such as cytokines (CKs) are normally produced in the CNS, contributing to physiological immunosurveillance and homeostatic synaptic scaling. CKs are peptide, pleiotropic molecules involved in a broad range of cellular functions, with a pivotal role in resolving the inflammation and promoting tissue healing. However, pro-inflammatory CKs can exert a detrimental effect in pathological conditions, spreading the damage. In the inflamed CNS, CKs recruit immune cells, stimulate the local production of other inflammatory mediators, and promote synaptic dysfunction. Our understanding of neuroinflammation in humans owes much to the study of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common autoimmune and demyelinating disease, in which autoreactive T cells migrate from the periphery to the CNS after the encounter with a still unknown antigen. CNS-infiltrating T cells produce pro-inflammatory CKs that aggravate local demyelination and neurodegeneration. This review aims to recapitulate the state of the art about CKs role in the healthy and inflamed CNS, with focus on recent advances bridging the study of adaptive immune system and neurophysiology.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38263055
doi: 10.1186/s13041-024-01077-7
pii: 10.1186/s13041-024-01077-7
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

4

Subventions

Organisme : National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), project MNESYS
ID : PE0000006

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

Roberta Amoriello (R)

International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy. roberta.amoriello@unifi.it.
Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy. roberta.amoriello@unifi.it.

Christian Memo (C)

Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy.

Laura Ballerini (L)

Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy.

Clara Ballerini (C)

International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136, Trieste, Italy. clara.ballerini@unifi.it.

Classifications MeSH