Fibrosing Mediastinitis Caused by Histoplasmosis in an Adolescent.

Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is a rare, potentially progressive disease resulting from an idiosyncratic immune response to a variety of stimuli that lead to fibrous infiltration of the mediastinum and possible narrowing of the bronchovascular structures. We report an unusual case of FM in a pediatric patient presenting as myopericarditis and progressing to pericardial thickening and encasement of the mediastinal vascular structures needing surgical intervention. Imaging, including transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance played a crucial role in the diagnosis, assessment, and follow-up. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography can be especially helpful to demonstrate potential findings associated with FM.

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The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.