[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome : A multidisciplinary challenge].
Hämophagozytische Lymphohistiozytose und Makrophagenaktivierungssyndrom : Eine multidisziplinäre Herausforderung.
Anakinra
Ferritin
Fever
Hemophagocytosis
Hyperinflammation
Journal
Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
ISSN: 1435-1250
Titre abrégé: Z Rheumatol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 0414162
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
24 Jan 2024
24 Jan 2024
Historique:
accepted:
15
11
2023
medline:
25
1
2024
pubmed:
25
1
2024
entrez:
24
1
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that is characterized by hyperferritinemia, cytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and functional disorders of the liver and the central nervous system. The term macrophage activation syndrome is predominantly used for secondary HLH in the context of autoimmune diseases (e.g., systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis). In addition, malignancies and genetic inborn errors of immunity can predispose to the development of HLH. Infections (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus) in turn represent possible triggers of an acute episode. Due to the unspecific manifestation of the disease, a systematic evaluation of the organ systems is recommended in the clinical and laboratory analytical clarification of hyperinflammatory syndromes. In general, the treatment should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in rheumatology, hematological oncology, infectious diseases and intensive care medicine. The primary treatment of HLH usually consists of glucocorticoids and in cases of a rapid deterioration of the condition anakinra (interleukin 1 block) and intravenous immunoglobulins can be employed. Treatment of the underlying disease should be consequently carried out in parallel, together with antimicrobial treatment. Die hämophagozytische Lymphohistiozytose (HLH) ist ein lebensbedrohliches hyperinflammatorisches Syndrom, das mit einer Hyperferritinämie, Zytopenien, disseminierter intravasaler Koagulopathie sowie Funktionsstörungen von Leber und zentralem Nervensystem einhergehen kann. Der Begriff Makrophagenaktivierungssyndrom wird vorwiegend für die „sekundäre HLH“ im Rahmen von Autoimmunerkrankungen (z. B. systemische juvenile idiopathische Arthritis) verwendet. Daneben können Malignome und angeborene Defekte des Immunsystems zur Entwicklung einer HLH prädisponieren. Infektionen (z. B. Epstein-Barr-Virus) stellen wiederum mögliche Auslöser einer akuten Episode dar. Aufgrund der unspezifischen Krankheitspräsentation empfiehlt sich eine systematische Evaluation der Organsysteme bei der klinischen und laboranalytischen Abklärung von hyperinflammatorischen Syndromen. In jedem Fall sollte die Behandlung durch ein multidisziplinäres Team mit rheumatologischer, hämatologisch-onkologischer, infektiologischer und intensivmedizinischer Expertise erfolgen. Die Primärtherapie der HLH besteht in der Regel aus Glukokortikoiden, bei rapider Zustandsverschlechterung können auch Anakinra (Interleukin-1-Blockade) und intravenöse Immunglobuline zum Einsatz kommen. Die Therapie der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung sollte konsequent parallel durchgeführt werden, begleitet von einer antimikrobiellen Therapie.
Autres résumés
Type: Publisher
(ger)
Die hämophagozytische Lymphohistiozytose (HLH) ist ein lebensbedrohliches hyperinflammatorisches Syndrom, das mit einer Hyperferritinämie, Zytopenien, disseminierter intravasaler Koagulopathie sowie Funktionsstörungen von Leber und zentralem Nervensystem einhergehen kann. Der Begriff Makrophagenaktivierungssyndrom wird vorwiegend für die „sekundäre HLH“ im Rahmen von Autoimmunerkrankungen (z. B. systemische juvenile idiopathische Arthritis) verwendet. Daneben können Malignome und angeborene Defekte des Immunsystems zur Entwicklung einer HLH prädisponieren. Infektionen (z. B. Epstein-Barr-Virus) stellen wiederum mögliche Auslöser einer akuten Episode dar. Aufgrund der unspezifischen Krankheitspräsentation empfiehlt sich eine systematische Evaluation der Organsysteme bei der klinischen und laboranalytischen Abklärung von hyperinflammatorischen Syndromen. In jedem Fall sollte die Behandlung durch ein multidisziplinäres Team mit rheumatologischer, hämatologisch-onkologischer, infektiologischer und intensivmedizinischer Expertise erfolgen. Die Primärtherapie der HLH besteht in der Regel aus Glukokortikoiden, bei rapider Zustandsverschlechterung können auch Anakinra (Interleukin-1-Blockade) und intravenöse Immunglobuline zum Einsatz kommen. Die Therapie der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung sollte konsequent parallel durchgeführt werden, begleitet von einer antimikrobiellen Therapie.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38267764
doi: 10.1007/s00393-023-01472-w
pii: 10.1007/s00393-023-01472-w
doi:
Types de publication
English Abstract
Journal Article
Review
Langues
ger
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.
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