A palaeogenomic investigation of overharvest implications in an endemic wild reindeer subspecies.
Svalbard reindeer
ancient DNA
bottleneck
conservation genomics
genomic erosion
population genomics
Journal
Molecular ecology
ISSN: 1365-294X
Titre abrégé: Mol Ecol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9214478
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 Jan 2024
27 Jan 2024
Historique:
revised:
11
12
2023
received:
24
04
2023
accepted:
09
01
2024
medline:
27
1
2024
pubmed:
27
1
2024
entrez:
27
1
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Overharvest can severely reduce the abundance and distribution of a species and thereby impact its genetic diversity and threaten its future viability. Overharvest remains an ongoing issue for Arctic mammals, which due to climate change now also confront one of the fastest changing environments on Earth. The high-arctic Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), endemic to Svalbard, experienced a harvest-induced demographic bottleneck that occurred during the 17-20th centuries. Here, we investigate changes in genetic diversity, population structure, and gene-specific differentiation during and after this overharvesting event. Using whole-genome shotgun sequencing, we generated the first ancient and historical nuclear (n = 11) and mitochondrial (n = 18) genomes from Svalbard reindeer (up to 4000 BP) and integrated these data with a large collection of modern genome sequences (n = 90) to infer temporal changes. We show that hunting resulted in major genetic changes and restructuring in reindeer populations. Near-extirpation followed by pronounced genetic drift has altered the allele frequencies of important genes contributing to diverse biological functions. Median heterozygosity was reduced by 26%, while the mitochondrial genetic diversity was reduced only to a limited extent, likely due to already low pre-harvest diversity and a complex post-harvest recolonization process. Such genomic erosion and genetic isolation of populations due to past anthropogenic disturbance will likely play a major role in metapopulation dynamics (i.e., extirpation, recolonization) under further climate change. Our results from a high-arctic case study therefore emphasize the need to understand the long-term interplay of past, current, and future stressors in wildlife conservation.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e17274Subventions
Organisme : Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund
ID : 14/137
Organisme : Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund
ID : 15/105
Organisme : Norwegian Research Council
ID : 223257
Organisme : Norwegian Research Council
ID : 276080
Organisme : Norwegian Research Council
ID : 325589
Organisme : Arctic Field Grant
ID : 235652
Organisme : Arctic Field Grant
ID : 246054
Organisme : Arctic Field Grant
ID : 257173
Informations de copyright
© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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