Skeletal muscle extramedullary plasmacytoma transformed into plasmablastic plasmacytoma: a case report.
EMP
Gastrocnemius
Plasmablastic
Plasmacytoma
Radiotherapy
Journal
Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
ISSN: 1432-1335
Titre abrégé: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 7902060
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Feb 2024
01 Feb 2024
Historique:
received:
01
12
2023
accepted:
29
12
2023
medline:
1
2
2024
pubmed:
1
2
2024
entrez:
1
2
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare plasma cell malignancy, especially when the tumor originates in skeletal muscle. Plasmablastic plasmacytoma is an anaplastic round cell tumor with highly malignancy and poor prognosis. To date, there have been no reports on the transformation of skeletal muscle EMP into plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Therefore, the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cases of this pathologic transformation are unclear. This article reports a case of an elderly male patient who presented with a painless mass in the right calf and was diagnosed with EMP by puncture pathology. Complete remission was obtained after sequential chemoradiotherapy. 6 months later, another puncture was performed due to plasmablastic plasmacytoma multiple distant metastases, and the pathology showed that EMP was transformed to plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Despite aggressive antitumor therapy, the disease continued to deteriorate, and the patient ultimately died of respiratory failure. The transformation of EMP into plasmablastic plasmacytoma is very rare, and its diagnosis and treatment require the participation of both experienced pathologists and clinicians. We report this case in order to raise clinicians' awareness of the diagnosis and treatment of EMP and its transformation to plasmablastic plasmacytoma, and to avoid misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare plasma cell malignancy, especially when the tumor originates in skeletal muscle. Plasmablastic plasmacytoma is an anaplastic round cell tumor with highly malignancy and poor prognosis. To date, there have been no reports on the transformation of skeletal muscle EMP into plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Therefore, the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cases of this pathologic transformation are unclear.
CASE PRESENTATION
METHODS
This article reports a case of an elderly male patient who presented with a painless mass in the right calf and was diagnosed with EMP by puncture pathology. Complete remission was obtained after sequential chemoradiotherapy. 6 months later, another puncture was performed due to plasmablastic plasmacytoma multiple distant metastases, and the pathology showed that EMP was transformed to plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Despite aggressive antitumor therapy, the disease continued to deteriorate, and the patient ultimately died of respiratory failure.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The transformation of EMP into plasmablastic plasmacytoma is very rare, and its diagnosis and treatment require the participation of both experienced pathologists and clinicians. We report this case in order to raise clinicians' awareness of the diagnosis and treatment of EMP and its transformation to plasmablastic plasmacytoma, and to avoid misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38300308
doi: 10.1007/s00432-023-05604-2
pii: 10.1007/s00432-023-05604-2
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
65Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Ahn JS, Okal R, Vos JA, Smolkin M, Kanate AS, Rosado FG (2017) Plasmablastic lymphoma versus plasmablastic myeloma: an ongoing diagnostic dilemma. J Clin Pathol 70(9):775–780. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204294
doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204294
pubmed: 28249941
Bailly J, Jenkins N, Chetty D, Mohamed Z, Verburgh ER, Opie JJ (2022) Plasmablastic lymphoma: an update. Int J Lab Hematol 44(S1):54–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.13863
doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13863
pubmed: 36074710
pmcid: 9545967
Chung A, Liedtke M (2019) Cutaneous plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Blood 134(23):2116. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019002821
doi: 10.1182/blood.2019002821
pubmed: 31805196
Fend F, Dogan A, Cook JR (2023) Plasma cell neoplasms and related entities-evolution in diagnosis and classification. Virchows Arch 482(1):163–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-022-03431-3
doi: 10.1007/s00428-022-03431-3
pubmed: 36414803
Firsova MV, Mendeleeva LP, Kovrigina AM, Solovev MV, Savchenko VG (2020) Plasmacytoma in patients with multiple myeloma: morphology and immunohistochemistry. BMC Cancer 20(1):346. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-06870-w
doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-06870-w
pubmed: 32321465
pmcid: 7178964
Gilder H, Murphy ME, Alvi MA et al (2018) Skull base plasmacytoma: a unique case of POEMS syndrome with a plasmacytoma causing craniocervical instability. J Clin Neurosci 47:254–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2017.10.038
doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.10.038
pubmed: 29100675
Gupta M, Pasricha S, Ahmed R, Khoda J, Choudhury PS (2022) De novo extramedullary plasmacytoma of thyroid cartilage. Clin Nucl Med 47(12):1089–1091. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0000000000004403
doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000004403
pubmed: 36083208
Holler A, Cicha I, Eckstein M et al (2022) Extramedullary plasmacytoma: tumor occurrence and therapeutic concepts—a follow-up. Cancer Med 11(24):4743–4755. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.4816
doi: 10.1002/cam4.4816
pubmed: 35578404
pmcid: 9761078
Hu X, Peng C, Wang P, Cai J (2020) Extramedullary plasmacytoma of nasal cavity: a case report and literature review. Ear Nose Throat J 101(6):NP245–NP250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561320960005
doi: 10.1177/0145561320960005
pubmed: 33044842
Janjetovic S, Lohneis P, Nogai A et al (2021) Clinical and biological characteristics of medullary and extramedullary plasma cell dyscrasias. Biology (basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070629
doi: 10.3390/biology10070629
pubmed: 34356484
Meyer H, Ullrich S, Hamerla G, Surov A (2018) Extramedulläres plasmozytom. Röfo - Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Röntgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren 190(11):1006–1009. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0604-2831
doi: 10.1055/a-0604-2831
Mori H, Fukatsu M, Ohkawara H et al (2021) Heterogeneity in the diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma, plasmablastic myeloma, and plasmablastic neoplasm: a scoping review. Int J Hematol 114(6):639–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-021-03211-w
doi: 10.1007/s12185-021-03211-w
pubmed: 34462886
Oka S, Ono K, Nohgawa M (2020) Successful retreatment with elotuzumab for multiple myeloma with extramedullary relapse while being treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Pathol Oncol Res 26(3):1993–1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-019-00725-x
doi: 10.1007/s12253-019-00725-x
pubmed: 31440905
Okada S, Ichimura Y, Iinuma M (2021) Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the ureter. IJU Case Rep 5(1):19–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/iju5.12373
doi: 10.1002/iju5.12373
pubmed: 35005462
pmcid: 8720724
Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A et al (2014) International myeloma working group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol 15(12):e538-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70442-5
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70442-5
pubmed: 25439696
Sanchez I, Oñate D, Hernandez T et al (2023) Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck: a report of three cases treated with curative radiotherapy and a review of the dose-control relationship. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38512
doi: 10.7759/cureus.38512
pubmed: 38106805
pmcid: 10722346
Tang R-r, Wang Y, Liang C-n et al (2019) Multiple extramedullary plasmacytomas of the trachea and pharyngeal tissue: a case report and literature review. Onco Targets Ther 12:1433–1437. https://doi.org/10.2147/ott.S190362
doi: 10.2147/ott.S190362
pubmed: 30863110
pmcid: 6388956
Tsang RW, Campbell BA, Goda JS et al (2018) Radiation therapy for solitary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma: guidelines from the international lymphoma radiation oncology group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 101(4):794–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.05.009
doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.05.009
pubmed: 29976492
Tyczyńska A, Turski M, Zarzycka E, Zaucha JM (2023) Isolated progression of multiple myeloma into the extramedullary plasmacytoma of dura mater: a case report and review of the literature. Biomedicines. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041225
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11041225
pubmed: 37189843
pmcid: 10135956
Vega F, Chang CC, Medeiros LJ et al (2005) Plasmablastic lymphomas and plasmablastic plasma cell myelomas have nearly identical immunophenotypic profiles. Mod Pathol 18(6):806–815. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.3800355
doi: 10.1038/modpathol.3800355
pubmed: 15578069
Wang K-W, Xiao N (2022) Intestinal perforation with abdominal abscess caused by extramedullary plasmacytoma of small intestine: a case report and literature review. World J Gastrointest Surg 14(6):611–620. https://doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v14.i6.611
doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v14.i6.611
pubmed: 35979418
pmcid: 9258233
Wang J, Pandha HS, Treleaven J, Powles R (2009) Metastatic extramedullary plasmacytoma of the lung. Leuk Lymphoma 35(3–4):423–425. https://doi.org/10.3109/10428199909145749
doi: 10.3109/10428199909145749
Zhu X, Wang L, Zhu Y et al (2020) Extramedullary plasmacytoma: long-term clinical outcomes in a single-center in china and literature review. Ear Nose Throat J 100(4):227–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561320950587
doi: 10.1177/0145561320950587
pubmed: 32941076