Risk of cardiovascular comorbidities before and after the onset of rheumatic diseases.

To elucidate the risk and temporal relationship of cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities in rheumatic diseases. Patients in the FinnGen study diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 with seropositive (n = 2368) or seronegative (n = 916) rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n = 715), psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n = 923), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 190), primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS, n = 412) or gout (n = 2034) were identified from healthcare registries. Each patient was matched based on age, sex, and birth region with twenty controls without any rheumatic conditions. Overall risk ratios (RR) were calculated by comparing the prevalence of seven CV diseases between patients and controls. Logistic regression models were used for estimating odds ratios (OR) for CV comorbidities before and after the onset of rheumatic diseases. The RR for 'any CVD' varied from 1.14 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.26) in PsA to 2.05 (95 % CI 1.67-2.52) in SLE. Patients with SLE or gout demonstrated over two-fold risks for several CV comorbidities. Among CV comorbidities, venous thromboembolism (VTE) showed the highest effect sizes in several rheumatic diseases. The ORs for CV comorbidities were highest within one year before and/or after the onset of the rheumatic disease. However, in gout the excess risk of CV disease was especially high before gout diagnosis. The risk of CV comorbidities was elevated in all studied rheumatic diseases, with highest risks observed in SLE and gout. The risk for CV diseases was highest immediately before and/or after rheumatic disease diagnosis, highlighting the increased risk for CV comorbidities across all rheumatic diseases very early on the disease course.

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Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Hanna-Kaisa Aaramaa: a lecture fee from Novartis and support for attending rheumatological congresses from UCB Pharma and Medac. Pia Isomäki: honoraria for honoraria for educational events from Abbvie, Galapagos and Pfizer; consultant of Galapagos, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, ViforPharma. Anne M Kerola: speaker fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim and Sanofi; advisory boards of Pfizer, Gilead and Boehringer-Ingelheim; and congress sponsorship from Pfizer, Abbvie and Mylan. Antti Palomäki: consulting fees from Pfizer, Abbvie and Amgen, lecture fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Pfizer and Sanofi, and travel expenses from Novartis. Kari K Eklund: lecture fees from Celltrion, Novartis and MSD, and consulting fees from SOBI.