Intramuscular desmoid tumor of the leg leading to external popliteal sciatic neuropathy: A case study and literature review.

Desmoid tumors (DT), rare benign neoplasms of soft tissues, exhibit local aggressiveness and high recurrence rates. Originating from myofibroblast proliferation, complete surgical intervention is the preferred treatment. Despite their benign nature, these tumors are infrequent, predominantly affecting women between 15 and 60, with a higher incidence in adolescence. A 44-year-old woman with a DT in the leg mimicking external popliteal sciatic neuropathy. Diagnosis confirmed by biopsy, surgery performed with preservation of the external popliteal nerve, ensuring optimal nerve function. Two-year follow-up with no recurrence, demonstrating the success of the surgical intervention. DTs, although rare, exhibit three distinct genomic mutations, with the 45F genotype associated with the highest risk of recurrence. Generally sporadic, these tumors can be linked to familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and influenced by states of hyperestrogenism. DTs typically present as deep-seated masses, with frequent local recurrence despite complete resection. DTs pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, often requiring complete surgical intervention. Management depends on symptomatology, with careful monitoring for small asymptomatic tumors and adjuvant radiotherapy in case of incomplete resection. Despite surgical success, frequent recurrence underscores the need for in-depth research to enhance therapeutic approaches.

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Conflict of interest statement The authors state that they have no conflicts of interest for this report.