Impact of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders on quality of life, hedonic experiences and psychiatric dimensions in general population.
Cognition
Covid-19
Emotion
Hedonic experiences (8 words)
Odor perception
Olfactory disorders
Psychiatric
Psychopathology
Journal
BMC psychiatry
ISSN: 1471-244X
Titre abrégé: BMC Psychiatry
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968559
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 Feb 2024
08 Feb 2024
Historique:
received:
14
08
2023
accepted:
19
01
2024
medline:
9
2
2024
pubmed:
9
2
2024
entrez:
8
2
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Olfactory disorders in COVID-19 impact quality of life and may lead to psychological impairments. Prevalence ranges from 8 to 85%, persisting in about 30% of cases. This study aimed to evaluate the 6-month post-COVID-19 impact on quality of life, hedonic experiences, anxiety and depression due to olfactory disorders. Additionally, it sought to compare psychophysical tests and self-perceived olfactory evaluations. A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted over baseline (T0) and 6 months (T1) on individuals with persistent olfactory disorders post-COVID-19 for more than 6 weeks. Psychophysical tests employed the Sniffin' Sticks Test® (TDI score), and self-perceived olfactory evaluation used a Visual Analogue Scale. Quality of life was assessed with an Olfactive Disorder Questionnaire and the French version of the Quality of Life and Diet Questionnaire. Hedonic experiences were gauged using the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, while anxiety and depression dimensions were measured by The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Post Traumatic Stress Checklist Scale, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Participants were classified into the "normosmic group" (NG) and the "olfactory disorders group" (ODG) at T0 and T1 based on the TDI score. Were included 56 participants (58.93% women, 41.07% men) with a mean age of 39.04 years and a mean duration of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders of 5.32 months. At T1, ODG had a significantly lower quality of life and hedonic experiences than NG. No significant differences in anxiety and depression dimensions were observed between groups. At T0, psychophysical tests and self-perceived olfactory evaluations were significantly correlated with quality of life and hedonic experiences in both groups. At T1, self-perceived olfactory evaluation in NG correlated significantly with quality of life, hedonic experiences, anxiety and depression dimensions, whereas ODG only correlated with hedonic experiences. Individuals with persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders after six months demonstrated compromised quality of life and hedonic experiences. Self-perceived olfactory evaluation played a more significant role in influencing quality of life and the dimension of anxiety and depression than the psychophysical presence of olfactory disorders. These findings emphasize the importance of considering patients' perceptions to comprehensively assess the impact of olfactory disorders on their well-being. ClinicalTrials.gov number (ID: NCT04799977).
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
Olfactory disorders in COVID-19 impact quality of life and may lead to psychological impairments. Prevalence ranges from 8 to 85%, persisting in about 30% of cases. This study aimed to evaluate the 6-month post-COVID-19 impact on quality of life, hedonic experiences, anxiety and depression due to olfactory disorders. Additionally, it sought to compare psychophysical tests and self-perceived olfactory evaluations.
METHODS
METHODS
A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted over baseline (T0) and 6 months (T1) on individuals with persistent olfactory disorders post-COVID-19 for more than 6 weeks. Psychophysical tests employed the Sniffin' Sticks Test® (TDI score), and self-perceived olfactory evaluation used a Visual Analogue Scale. Quality of life was assessed with an Olfactive Disorder Questionnaire and the French version of the Quality of Life and Diet Questionnaire. Hedonic experiences were gauged using the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, while anxiety and depression dimensions were measured by The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Post Traumatic Stress Checklist Scale, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Participants were classified into the "normosmic group" (NG) and the "olfactory disorders group" (ODG) at T0 and T1 based on the TDI score.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Were included 56 participants (58.93% women, 41.07% men) with a mean age of 39.04 years and a mean duration of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders of 5.32 months. At T1, ODG had a significantly lower quality of life and hedonic experiences than NG. No significant differences in anxiety and depression dimensions were observed between groups. At T0, psychophysical tests and self-perceived olfactory evaluations were significantly correlated with quality of life and hedonic experiences in both groups. At T1, self-perceived olfactory evaluation in NG correlated significantly with quality of life, hedonic experiences, anxiety and depression dimensions, whereas ODG only correlated with hedonic experiences.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders after six months demonstrated compromised quality of life and hedonic experiences. Self-perceived olfactory evaluation played a more significant role in influencing quality of life and the dimension of anxiety and depression than the psychophysical presence of olfactory disorders. These findings emphasize the importance of considering patients' perceptions to comprehensively assess the impact of olfactory disorders on their well-being.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
BACKGROUND
ClinicalTrials.gov number (ID: NCT04799977).
Identifiants
pubmed: 38331799
doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05538-0
pii: 10.1186/s12888-024-05538-0
doi:
Banques de données
ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT04799977']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
111Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Organisation Mondial de la Santé. Maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): ce qu’il faut savoir [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Mar 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-covid-19 .
Brandão Neto D, Fornazieri M, Dib C, Di Francesco R, Doty R, Voegels R et al. Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Prevalences, Recovery Rates, and Clinical Associations on a Large Brazilian Sample. Otolaryngol–Head Neck Surg Off J Am Acad Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg [Internet]. 2021 Mar [cited 2023 Mar 9];164(3). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32867582/ .
Costa KVT da, Carnaúba ATL, Rocha KW, de Andrade KCL, Ferreira SMS, Menezes P. de L. Olfactory and taste disorders in COVID-19: a systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol [Internet]. 2020; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7280089/ .
Carrillo-Larco RM, Altez-Fernandez C. Anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19: A systematic review. Wellcome Open Res [Internet]. 2020;5. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308993/ .
Moein S, Hashemian S, Tabarsi P, Doty R. Prevalence and reversibility of smell dysfunction measured psychophysically in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol [Internet]. 2020 Oct [cited 2023 Mar 9];10(10). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32761796/ .
Doty RL. Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: pathology and long-term implications for brain health. Trends Mol Med. 2022;28(9):781–94.
doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.06.005
pubmed: 35810128
pmcid: 9212891
Jafar A, Lasso A, Shorr R, Hutton B, Kilty S. Olfactory recovery following infection with COVID-19: a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(11):e0259321.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259321
pubmed: 34752471
pmcid: 8577770
Boscolo-Rizzo P, Guida F, Polesel J, Marcuzzo AV, Antonucci P, Capriotti V, et al. Self-reported smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a one-year prospective study. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol off J Eur Fed Oto-Rhino-Laryngol soc EUFOS Affil Ger soc Oto-Rhino-Laryngol -. Head Neck Surg. 2022;279(1):515–20.
Whitcroft KL, Hummel T. Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: diagnosis and management. JAMA. 2020;323(24):2512–4.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.8391
pubmed: 32432682
Valsamidis K, Printza A, Constantinidis J, Triaridis S. The impact of olfactory dysfunction on the psychological status and quality of life of patients with nasal obstruction and septal deviation. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;24(02):e237–46.
doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1701269
pubmed: 32296471
pmcid: 7153923
Ahmedy F, Mazlan M, Danaee M, Abu Bakar MZ. Post-traumatic brain injury olfactory dysfunction: factors influencing quality of life. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(5):1343–51.
doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05823-0
pubmed: 32025786
Hosp J, Dressing A, Blazhenets G, Bormann T, Rau A, Schwabenland M et al. Cognitive impairment and altered cerebral glucose metabolism in the subacute stage of COVID-19. Brain J Neurol [Internet]. 2021 May 7 [cited 2023 Jul 27];144(4). Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.unice.fr/33822001/ .
Marin C, Vilas D, Langdon C, Alobid I, López-Chacón M, Haehner A, et al. Olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2018;15(8):42.
doi: 10.1007/s11882-018-0796-4
Schablitzky S, Pause BM. Sadness might isolate you in a non-smelling world: olfactory perception and depression. Frontiers in Psychology. Volume 5. Frontiers Media SA; 2014.
Kohli P, Soler ZM, Nguyen SA, Muus JS, Schlosser RJ. The association between olfaction and depression: a systematic review. Chemical Senses. Volume 41. Oxford University Press; 2016. pp. 479–86.
Llana T, Méndez M, Garces-Arilla S, Hidalgo V, Mendez-Lopez M, Juan MC. Association between olfactory dysfunction and mood disturbances with objective and subjective cognitive deficits in long-COVID. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2023 Jan 16 [cited 2023 Jan 26];14. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1076743/abstract .
Schou TM, Joca S, Wegener G, Bay-Richter C. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 - a systematic review. Brain Behav Immun. 2021;97:328–48.
doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.018
pubmed: 34339806
pmcid: 8363196
Coelho DH, Reiter ER, Budd SG, Shin Y, Kons ZA, Costanzo RM. Quality of life and safety impact of COVID-19 associated smell and taste disturbances. Am J Otolaryngol. 2021;42(4):103001.
doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103001
pubmed: 33773440
pmcid: 7983361
Tan HQM, Pendolino AL, Andrews PJ, Choi D. Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and quality of life in hospitalised patients 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cohort study. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2022;12(1). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8795927/ .
Liao B, Deng YK, Zeng M, Liu Z. Long-term consequences of COVID-19: Chemosensory disorders. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2023;23(2):111–9.
doi: 10.1007/s11882-022-01062-x
pubmed: 36574210
Rass V, Tymoszuk P, Sahanic S, Heim B, Ausserhofer D, Lindner A, et al. Distinct smell and taste disorder phenotype of post-acute COVID-19 sequelae. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2023;280(11):5115–28.
doi: 10.1007/s00405-023-08163-x
pubmed: 37670171
pmcid: 10562286
Hummel T, Liu DT, Müller CA, Stuck BA, Welge-Lüssen A, Hähner A. Olfactory dysfunction: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Dtsch Ärztebl Int. 2023;120(9):146.
pubmed: 36647581
pmcid: 10198165
Trecca EMC, Cassano M, Longo F, Petrone P, Miani C, Hummel T, et al. Results from psychophysical tests of smell and taste during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2022;42(Suppl 1):20–35.
doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-suppl.1-42-2022-03
Rumeau C, Nguyen DT, Jankowski R. How to assess olfactory performance with the Sniffin’ sticks test®. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2016;133(3):203–6.
doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.08.004
pubmed: 26344139
Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf SR, Pauli E, Kobal G. Sniffin sticks’: olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses. 1997;22(1):39–52.
doi: 10.1093/chemse/22.1.39
pubmed: 9056084
Hummel T, Konnerth C, Rosenheim K, Kobal G. Screening of olfactory function with a four-minute odor identification test: reliability, normative data, and investigations in patients with olfactory loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol [Internet]. 2001 Oct [cited 2023 Jan 26];110(10). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11642433/ .
Zarachi A, Lianou A, Pezoulas V, Komnos I, Milionis O, Fotiadis D et al. Visual Analogue Scale for the Evaluation of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction of COVID-19 Patients in Northwestern Greece. Cureus [Internet]. 2023 Mar 20 [cited 2023 Jul 27];15(3). Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.unice.fr/37090302/ .
De Sousa Machado A, Sousa F, Silva A, Meireles L. Visual Analog Scale and Olfactory Objective Tests in Hyposmia Patients: Is There a Link? Cureus [Internet]. 2023 Feb 7 [cited 2023 Jul 27];15(2). Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.unice.fr/36909088/ .
Heller G, Manuguerra M, Chow R. How to analyze the Visual Analogue Scale: Myths, truths and clinical relevance. Scand J Pain [Internet]. 2016 Oct [cited 2023 Jul 27];13. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.unice.fr/28850536/ .
Brämerson A, Nordin S, Bende M. Clinical experience with patients with olfactory complaints, and their quality of life. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) [Internet]. 2007 Feb [cited 2021 Jul 12];127(2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17364348/ .
Mattos J, Edwards C, Schlosser R, Hyer M, Mace J, Smith T et al. A brief version of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol [Internet]. 2019 Oct [cited 2021 Jul 12];9(10). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31430061/ .
Han P, Su T, Qin M, Chen H, Hummel T. A systematic review of olfactory related questionnaires and scales. Rhinology [Internet]. 2021 Apr 1 [cited 2023 Jan 26];59(2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33078172/ .
Leclercq C, Chiesa-Estomba C, Horoi M, Le Bon S, Hans S, Distinguin L et al. Validity and Reliability of the French Short Version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). Ear Nose Throat J [Internet]. 2021 Aug 31 [cited 2023 Jan 26]; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34463149/ .
Paineau D, Baudoin C, Grairia M, Rosset F, Bornet F, Zourabichvili O, et al. Développement Et validation d’une échelle de qualité de vie axée sur l’alimentation pour la population française. Cah Nutr Diététique. 2007;42(6):304–6.
doi: 10.1016/S0007-9960(07)78163-4
Snaith RP, Hamilton M, Morley S, Humayan A, Hargreaves D, Trigwell P. A scale for the Assessment of Hedonic Tone the Snaith–Hamilton pleasure scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1995;167(1):99–103.
doi: 10.1192/bjp.167.1.99
pubmed: 7551619
Loas G, Dubal S, Perot P, Tirel F, Nowaczkowski P, Pierson A. Validation of the French version of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS, Snaith et al. 1995). Determination of the statistical parameters in 208 normal subjects and 103 hospitalized patients presenting with depression or schizophrenia. L’Encéphale. 1997;23(6):454–8.
Spielberger C, Gorsuch R, Lushene R, Vagg, R. G.A. Jacobs. Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory: STAI. Palo Alto: CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983.
Gauthier J, Bouchard S. Adaptation canadienne-française de la forme révisée du state–trait anxiety Inventory De Spielberger. Can J Behav Sci / Revue canadienne des Sci du Comportement. 1993;25(4):559–78.
doi: 10.1037/h0078881
The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility [Internet]. 1993 [cited 2022 Apr 16]; annual convention of the international society for traumatic stress studies…. Available from: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation_hl=enuser=ddEs-1oAAAAJ_citation_for_view=ddEs-1oAAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC .
Yao SN, Cottraux J, Note I, De Mey-Guillard C, Mollard E, Ventureyra V. Evaluation des états de stress post-traumatique: validation d’une échelle, la PCLS. L’Encéphale. 2003 Mai-Juin;29(3 Pt 1):232–8.
Blevins C, Weathers F, Davis M, Witte T, Domino J. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation. J Trauma Stress [Internet]. 2015 Dec [cited 2022 Apr 16];28(6). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26606250/ .
Ashbaugh A, Houle-Johnson S, Herbert C, El-Hage W, Brunet A. Psychometric Validation of the English and French Versions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). PloS One [Internet]. 2016 Oct 10 [cited 2022 Apr 16];11(10). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27723815/ .
Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960;23(1):56–62.
Guelfi JD. L’évaluation clinique standardisée en psychiatrie. P. Fabre; 1996. 783 p.
Otte MS, Haehner A, Bork ML, Klussmann JP, Luers JC, Hummel T. Impact of COVID-19-Mediated Olfactory Loss on Quality of Life. ORL J Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Its Relat Spec. 2023;85(1):1–6.
Winter AL, Henecke S, Lundström JN, Thunell E. Impairment of quality of life due to COVID-19-induced long-term olfactory dysfunction. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1165911.
Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Hans S, Barillari MR, Jouffe L, Saussez S. Loss of Smell and Taste in 2013 European Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(8):672–5.
Akerlund A, Bende M, Murphy C. Olfactory threshold and nasal mucosal changes in experimentally induced common cold. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh). 1995;115(1):88–92.
Vaira LA, Gessa C, Deiana G, Salzano G, Maglitto F, Lechien JR, et al. The Effects of Persistent Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions on Quality of Life in Long-COVID-19 Patients. Life Basel Switz. 2022;12(2).
Cortese BM, Schumann AY, Howell AN, McConnell PA, Yang QX, Uhde TW. Preliminary evidence for differential olfactory and trigeminal processing in combat veterans with and without PTSD. NeuroImage Clin. 2017;17:378–87.
Wilkerson AK, Uhde TW, Leslie K, Freeman WC, LaRowe SD, Schumann A, et al. Paradoxical olfactory function in combat veterans: The role of PTSD and odor factors. Mil Psychol Off J Div Mil Psychol Am Psychol Assoc. 2018;30(2):120–30.
Pollatos O, Kopietz R, Linn J, Albrecht J, Sakar V, Anzinger A, et al. Emotional Stimulation Alters Olfactory Sensitivity and Odor Judgment. Chem Senses. 2007;32(6):583–9.
Pabel LD, Hummel T, Weidner K, Croy I. The impact of severity, course and duration of depression on olfactory function. J Affect Disord. 2018;238:194–203.
Croy I, Symmank A, Schellong J, Hummel C, Gerber J, Joraschky P, et al. Olfaction as a marker for depression in humans. J Affect Disord. 2014 mai;160:80–6.
Bochicchio V, Mezzalira S, Maldonato NM, Cantone E, Scandurra C. Olfactory-related quality of life impacts psychological distress in people with COVID-19: The affective implications of olfactory dysfunctions. J Affect Disord. 2023;323:741–7.