Carbon dots combined with phytosphingosine inhibit acid-induced demineralization of hydroxyapatite in vitro.

To study the effects of carbon dots (CDs), in combination with phytosphingosine (PHS), against acid-induced demineralization of hydroxyapatite in vitro. CDs were generated from citric acid and urea by microwave heating. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), FT-IR, and fluorescence intensity were used to characterize the CDs. A hydroxyapatite (HAp) model was used to investigate the protective effects of CDs, PHS, and their combinations with and without a salivary pellicle against acid-induced demineralization in vitro. Ca Uniform-sized CDs were synthesized, showing typical optical characteristics. CDs exhibited no inhibition of acid-induced demineralization in vitro, in contrast to PHS. Notably, a pre-coating of CDs increased the protective effects of PHS against acid-induced demineralization, which was not disturbed by the presence of a salivary pellicle and Tween 20. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the binding and layers formed of both CDs and PHS to the HAp surfaces. Based on fluorescence spectra CDs binding to HAp seemed to be dependent on Ca CDs combined with PHS showed protective effects against acid-induced demineralization of HAp discs in vitro.

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Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.