ADB-HEXINACA-a novel synthetic cannabinoid with a hexyl substituent: phase I metabolism in authentic urine samples, a case report and prevalence on the German market.
hexyl substituent
new psychoactive substances
synthetic cannabinoids (SCs)
ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled time-of-flight mass spectrometry
urinary biomarkers
Journal
Drug testing and analysis
ISSN: 1942-7611
Titre abrégé: Drug Test Anal
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101483449
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
13 Feb 2024
13 Feb 2024
Historique:
revised:
18
01
2024
received:
01
12
2023
accepted:
28
01
2024
medline:
14
2
2024
pubmed:
14
2
2024
entrez:
13
2
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are one of the largest groups of new psychoactive substances (NPS). Yet, another novel analog started spreading on the NPS market around 2021. Soon after, the substance could be analytically characterized in herbal material as ADB-HEXINACA, an SCRA containing a hexyl-substituted tail on the indazole core. Here, we present suitable urinary markers to prove the consumption of this analog, a case report of acute polydrug intoxication and data on its prevalence in Germany. Anticipated phase I metabolites were detected in 12 authentic urine samples that were collected for abstinence control and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-qToF-MS). The results of in vivo samples were confirmed by analysis of in vitro incubates with pooled human liver microsomes (pHLMs). Forensic samples were used to assess the prevalence of ADB-HEXINACA. Thirty-two phase I metabolites were detected in the authentic urine samples. The main metabolites resulted from amide hydrolysis in combination with either monohydroxylation or ketone formation at the hexyl moiety (M15 and M26), the monitoring of which is recommended as a proof of consumption. ADB-HEXINACA was detected in 3.5% of SCRA positive urine samples collected for abstinence control in Freiburg up to December 2022 and in 5.5% of the SCRA positive blood/serum samples. The hexyl substituent of ADB-HEXINACA allows for the detection of specific urinary biomarkers suggested as analytical targets to confirm its prior intake. ADB-HEXINACA had a rather low prevalence in Germany, alternating months of higher prevalence with periods of total absence.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024 The Authors. Drug Testing and Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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