A high black-hole-to-host mass ratio in a lensed AGN in the early Universe.

Kocevski, D. D. et al. Hidden little monsters: spectroscopic identification of low-mass, broad-line AGNs at z > 5 with CEERS. Astrophys. J. Lett. 954, L4 (2023).

doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ace5a0

Matthee, J. et al. Little Red Dots: an abundant population of faint AGN at z ~ 5 revealed by the EIGER and FRESCO JWST surveys. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/2306.05448 (2023).

Labbe, I. et al. UNCOVER: candidate red active galactic nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/2306.07320 (2023).

Furtak, L. J. et al. JWST UNCOVER: extremely Red and Compact Object at z

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acdc9d

Bennert, V. N., Auger, M. W., Treu, T., Woo, J.-H. & Malkan, M. A. The relation between black hole mass and host spheroid stellar mass out to z ~ 2. Astrophys. J. 742, 107 (2011).

doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/107

Volonteri, M., Habouzit, M. & Colpi, M. The origins of massive black holes. Nat. Rev. Phys. 3, 732–743 (2021).

doi: 10.1038/s42254-021-00364-9

Fan, X., Bañados, E. & Simcoe, R. A. Quasars and the Intergalactic Medium at Cosmic Dawn. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 61, 373–426 (2023).

doi: 10.1146/annurev-astro-052920-102455

Rieke, M. J. et al. Performance of NIRCam on JWST in Flight. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 135, 028001 (2023).

doi: 10.1088/1538-3873/acac53

Bezanson, R. et al. The JWST UNCOVER Treasury survey: Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/2212.04026 (2022).

Lotz, J. M. et al. The frontier fields: survey design and initial results. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 837, 97 (2017).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/837/1/97

Abell, G. O., Corwin, H. G.Jr & Olowin, R. P. A catalog of rich clusters of galaxies. Astrophys. J. Suppl, Ser. 70, 1–138 (1989).

doi: 10.1086/191333

Furtak, L. J. et al. UNCOVERing the extended strong lensing structures of Abell 2744 with the deepest JWST imaging. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 523, 4568–4582 (2023).

Atek, H. et al. Probing the z > 6 Universe with the first Hubble frontier fields cluster A2744. Astrophys. J. 786, 60 (2014).

doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/60

Jakobsen, P. et al. The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope. I. Overview of the instrument and its capabilities. Astron. Astrophys. 661, A80 (2022).

doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202142663

Hao, L. et al. Active galactic nuclei in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II. Emission-line luminosity function. Astron. J. 129, 1795–1808 (2005).

doi: 10.1086/428486

Gordon, K. D., Clayton, G. C., Misselt, K. A., Landolt, A. U. & Wolff, M. J. A quantitative comparison of the small Magellanic cloud, large Magellanic cloud, and Milky Way ultraviolet to near-infrared extinction curves. Astrophys. J. 594, 279–293 (2003).

doi: 10.1086/376774

Fujimoto, S. et al. DUALZ: deep UNCOVER-ALMA legacy high-Z survey. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/2309.07834 (2023).

Greene, J. E. & Ho, L. C. Estimating black hole masses in active galaxies using the Hα emission line. Astrophys. J. 630, 122–129 (2005).

doi: 10.1086/431897

Sérsic, J. L. Influence of the atmospheric and instrumental dispersion on the brightness distribution in a galaxy. Bol. Asoc. Argent. Astron. Plata Argent. 6, 41–43 (1963).

Vanzella, E. et al. JWST/NIRCam probes young star clusters in the reionization era sunrise arc. Astrophys. J. 945, 53 (2023).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acb59a

Baggen, J. F. W. et al. Sizes and mass profiles of candidate massive galaxies discovered by JWST at 7 < z < 9: evidence for very early formation of the central ∼100 pc of present-day ellipticals. Astrophys. J. Lett. 955, L12 (2023).

doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acf5ef

Izumi, T. et al. Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XIII. Large-scale feedback and star formation in a low-luminosity quasar at z = 7.07 on the local black hole to host mass relation. Astrophys. J. 914, 36 (2021).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/abf6dc

Vanden Berk, D. E. et al. Composite Quasar Spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Astron. J. 122, 549–564 (2001).

doi: 10.1086/321167

Harikane, Y. et al. A JWST/NIRSpec first census of broad-line AGNs at z = 4–7: detection of 10 faint AGNs with M

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad029e

Veilleux, S., Meléndez, M., Tripp, T. M., Hamann, F. & Rupke, D. S. N. The complete ultraviolet spectrum of the archetypal “wind-dominated” quasar Mrk 231: absorption and emission from a high-speed dusty nuclear outflow. Astrophys. J. 825, 42 (2016).

doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/825/1/42

Banerji, M., Alaghband-Zadeh, S., Hewett, P. C. & McMahon, R. G. Heavily reddened type 1 quasars at z > 2 – I. Evidence for significant obscured black hole growth at the highest quasar luminosities. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 447, 3368–3389 (2015).

doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu2649

Leighly, K. M., Halpern, J. P., Jenkins, E. B. & Casebeer, D. The intrinsically X-ray-weak quasar PHL 1811. II. Optical and UV spectra and analysis. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 173, 1–36 (2007).

doi: 10.1086/519768

Abramowicz, M. A., Czerny, B., Lasota, J. P. & Szuszkiewicz, E. Slim accretion disks. Astrophys. J. 332, 646 (1988).

doi: 10.1086/166683

Fujimoto, S. et al. A dusty compact object bridging galaxies and quasars at cosmic dawn. Nature 604, 261–265 (2022).

pubmed: 35418632 doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04454-1

Matsuoka, Y. et al. Quasar Luminosity Function at z = 7. Astrophys. J. Lett. 949, L42 (2023).

doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acd69f

Larson, R. L. et al. A CEERS discovery of an accreting supermassive black hole 570 Myr after the Big Bang: identifying a progenitor of massive z > 6 quasars. Astrophys. J. Lett. 953, L29 (2023).

doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ace619

Maiolino, R. et al. A small and vigorous black hole in the early Universe. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/2305.12492 (2023).

Maiolino, R. et al. JADES. The diverse population of infant Black Holes at 4 < z < 11: merging, tiny, poor, but mighty. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/2308.01230 (2023).

Goulding, A. D. et al. UNCOVER: the growth of the first massive black holes from JWST/NIRSpec – spectroscopic redshift confirmation of an X-ray luminous AGN at z = 10.1. Astrophys. J. Lett. 955, L24 (2023).

doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acf7c5

Greene, J. E. et al. UNCOVER spectroscopy confirms a surprising ubiquity of AGN in red galaxies at z > 5. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/2309.05714 (2023).

Atek, H., Richard, J., Kneib, J.-P. & Schaerer, D. The extreme faint end of the UV luminosity function at z ~ 6 through gravitational telescopes: a comprehensive assessment of strong lensing uncertainties. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 479, 5184–5195 (2018).

doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty1820

Dayal, P. et al. The hierarchical assembly of galaxies and black holes in the first billion years: predictions for the era of gravitational wave astronomy. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 486, 2336–2350 (2019).

doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz897

Piana, O., Dayal, P., Volonteri, M. & Choudhury, T. R. The mass assembly of high-redshift black holes. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 500, 2146–2158 (2021).

doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa3363

Habouzit, M. et al. Co-evolution of massive black holes and their host galaxies at high redshift: discrepancies from six cosmological simulations and the key role of JWST. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 511, 3751–3767 (2022).

doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac225

De Laurentis, M. & Salucci, P. The Accurate Mass Distribution of M87, the Giant Galaxy with Imaged Shadow of Its Supermassive Black Hole, as a Portal to New Physics. Astrophys. J. 929, 17 (2022).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac54b9

Kroupa, P., Subr, L., Jerabkova, T. & Wang, L. Very high redshift quasars and the rapid emergence of supermassive black holes. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 498, 5652–5683 (2020).

Yang, J. et al. Probing early supermassive black hole growth and quasar evolution with near-infrared spectroscopy of 37 reionization-era quasars at 6.3 ≤ z ≤ 7.64. Astrophys. J. 923, 262 (2021).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac2b32

Reines, A. E. & Volonteri, M. Relations between Central Black Hole Mass and Total Galaxy Stellar Mass in the Local Universe. Astrophys. J. 813, 82 (2015).

doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/813/2/82

Suh, H. et al. No significant evolution of relations between black hole mass and galaxy total stellar mass up to z ~ 2.5. Astrophys. J. 889, 32 (2020).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab5f5f

Oke, J. B. & Gunn, J. E. Secondary standard stars for absolute spectrophotometry. Astrophys. J. 266, 713–717 (1983).

doi: 10.1086/160817

Gardner, J. P. et al. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 135, 068001 (2023).

doi: 10.1088/1538-3873/acd1b5

McElwain, M. W. et al. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission: optical telescope element design, development, and performance. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 135, 058001 (2023).

doi: 10.1088/1538-3873/acada0

Böker, T. et al. In-orbit performance of the near-infrared spectrograph NIRSpec on the James Webb Space Telescope. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 135, 038001 (2023).

doi: 10.1088/1538-3873/acb846

Weaver, J. R. et al. The UNCOVER survey: a first-look HST + JWST catalog of 60,000 galaxies near A2744 and beyond. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 270, 7 (2024).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad07e0

Brammer, G. grizli (1.8.3). Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8210732 (2023).

Treu, T. et al. The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. I. Survey design and release plans. Astrophys. J. 935, 110 (2022).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8158

Ferruit, P. et al. The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope. II. Multi-object spectroscopy (MOS). Astron. Astrophys. 661, A81 (2022).

doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202142673

Brammer, G. msaexp: NIRSpec analyis tools. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7313329 (2022).

González-López, J. et al. The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. I. 1.1 mm continuum detections in Abell 2744, MACS J0416.1-2403 and MACS J1149.5+2223. Astron. Astrophys. 597, A41 (2017).

doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201628806

Bogdan, A. et al. Evidence for heavy-seed origin of early supermassive black holes from a z ≈ 10 X-ray quasar. Nat. Astron. 8, 26–133 (2024).

Bergamini, P. et al. The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. III. Strong-lensing model of Abell 2744 and its infalling regions. Astrophys. J. 952, 84 (2023).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acd643

Zitrin, A. et al. Hubble Space Telescope combined strong and weak lensing analysis of the CLASH sample: mass and magnification models and systematic uncertainties. Astrophys. J. 801, 44 (2015).

doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/801/1/44

Pascale, M. et al. Unscrambling the lensed galaxies in JWST images behind SMACS 0723. Astrophys. J. Lett. 938, L6 (2022).

doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac9316

Elíasdóttir, Á. et al. Where is the matter in the merging cluster Abell 2218? Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/0710.5636 (2007).

Bergamini, P. et al. New high-precision strong lensing modeling of Abell 2744. Preparing for JWST observations. Astron. Astrophys. 670, A60 (2023).

doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244575

Jaffe, W. A simple model for the distribution of light in spherical galaxies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 202, 995–999 (1983).

doi: 10.1093/mnras/202.4.995

Keeton, C. R. A catalog of mass models for gravitational lensing. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0102341 (2001).

Horne, K. An optimal extraction algorithm for CCD spectroscopy. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 98, 609–617 (1986).

doi: 10.1086/131801

Earl, N. et al. astropy/specutils v.1.10.0. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7803739 (2023).

Foreman-Mackey, D., Hogg, D. W., Lang, D. & Goodman, J. emcee: the MCMC hammer. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 125, 306 (2013).

doi: 10.1086/670067

de Graaff, A. et al. Ionised gas kinematics and dynamical masses of z ≳ 6 galaxies from JADES/NIRSpec high-resolution spectroscopy. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/2308.09742 (2023).

Prevot, M. L., Lequeux, J., Maurice, E., Prevot, L. & Rocca-Volmerange, B. The typical interstellar extinction in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Astron. Astrophys. 132, 389–392 (1984).

Bouchet, P., Lequeux, J., Maurice, E., Prevot, L. & Prevot-Burnichon, M. L. The visible and infrared extinction law and the gas-to-dust ratio in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Astron. Astrophys. 149, 330–336 (1985).

Richards, G. T. et al. Red and reddened quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Astron. J. 126, 1131–1147 (2003).

doi: 10.1086/377014

Hopkins, P. F. et al. Dust reddening in Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars. Astron. J. 128, 1112–1123 (2004).

doi: 10.1086/423291

Capak, P. L. et al. Galaxies at redshifts 5 to 6 with systematically low dust content and high [C II] emission. Nature 522, 455–458 (2015).

pubmed: 26108853 doi: 10.1038/nature14500

Reddy, N. A. et al. The MOSDEF survey: measurements of Balmer decrements and the dust attenuation curve at redshifts z ~ 1.4–2.6. Astrophys. J. 806, 259 (2015).

doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/259

Reddy, N. A. et al. The HDUV survey: a revised assessment of the relationship between UV slope and dust attenuation for high-redshift galaxies. Astrophys. J. 853, 56 (2018).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaa3e7

Shivaei, I. et al. The MOSDEF survey: the variation of the dust attenuation curve with metallicity. Astrophys. J. 899, 117 (2020).

doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aba35e

Salim, S. & Narayanan, D. The dust attenuation law in galaxies. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 58, 529–575 (2020).

doi: 10.1146/annurev-astro-032620-021933

Calzetti, D. et al. The dust content and opacity of actively star-forming galaxies. Astrophys. J. 533, 682–695 (2000).

doi: 10.1086/308692

Korista, K. T. & Goad, M. R. What the optical recombination lines can tell us about the broad-line regions of active galactic nuclei. Astrophys. J. 606, 749–762 (2004).

doi: 10.1086/383193

Kennicutt Jr, R. C. The global Schmidt law in star-forming galaxies. Astrophys. J. 498, 541–552 (1998).

doi: 10.1086/305588

Conroy, C., Gunn, J. E. & White, M. The propagation of uncertainties in stellar population synthesis modeling. I. The relevance of uncertain aspects of stellar evolution and the initial mass function to the derived physical properties of galaxies. Astrophys. J. 699, 486–506 (2009).

doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/699/1/486

Draine, B. T. & Li, A. Infrared emission from interstellar dust. I. Stochastic heating of small grains. Astrophys. J. 551, 807–824 (2001).

doi: 10.1086/320227

Shen, Y. The mass of quasars. Bull. Astron. Soc. India 41, 61–115 (2013).

Richards, G. T. et al. Spectral energy distributions and multiwavelength selection of type 1 quasars. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 166, 470–497 (2006).

doi: 10.1086/506525

Peng, C. Y., Ho, L. C., Impey, C. D. & Rix, H.-W. Detailed decomposition of galaxy images. II. Beyond axisymmetric models. Astron. J. 139, 2097–2129 (2010).

doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2097

Pasha, I. & Miller, T. B. pysersic: a Python package for determining galaxy structural properties via Bayesian inference, accelerated with jax. J. Open Source Softw. 8, 5703 (2023).

Chemerynska, I. et al. JWST UNCOVER: the overabundance of ultraviolet-luminous galaxies at z > 9. Preprint at arxiv.org/abs/2312.05030 (2023).

Atek, H. et al. JWST UNCOVER: discovery of z > 9 galaxy candidates behind the lensing cluster Abell 2744. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 524, 5486–5496 (2023).

doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad1998

Sheth, R. K. & Tormen, G. An excursion set model of hierarchical clustering: ellipsoidal collapse and the moving barrier. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 329, 61–75 (2002).

doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.04950.x

Astropy Collaboration. Astropy: a community Python package for astronomy. Astron. Astrophys. 558, A33 (2013).

doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322068

Price-Whelan, A. M. et al. The Astropy Project: building an open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package. Astron. J. 156, 123 (2018).

doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/aabc4f

van der Walt, S., Colbert, S. C. & Varoquaux, G. The numpy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation. Comput. Sci. Eng. 13, 22–30 (2011).

doi: 10.1109/MCSE.2011.37

Virtanen, P. et al. SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python. Nat. Methods 17, 261–272 (2020).

pubmed: 32015543 pmcid: 7056644 doi: 10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2

Hunter, J. D. Matplotlib: a 2D graphics environment. Comput. Sci. Eng. 9, 90–95 (2007).

doi: 10.1109/MCSE.2007.55

Ofek, E. O. MAAT: MATLAB Astronomy and Astrophysics Toolbox. Astrophysics Source Code Library, record ascl:1407.005 1407.005 (ASCL.net, 2014).

A high black-hole-to-host mass ratio in a lensed AGN in the early Universe.

Journal

Informations de publication

Résumé

Identifiants

Types de publication

Langues

Sous-ensembles de citation

Informations de copyright

Références

Auteurs

Classifications MeSH