The reckoning of chromosomal instability: past, present, future.
Aneuploidy
CIN
Cancer
Cytogenetics
Genomic instability
Quantitative measures
Journal
Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology
ISSN: 1573-6849
Titre abrégé: Chromosome Res
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 9313452
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 Feb 2024
17 Feb 2024
Historique:
received:
11
01
2024
accepted:
27
01
2024
revised:
11
01
2024
medline:
17
2
2024
pubmed:
17
2
2024
entrez:
17
2
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Quantitative measures of CIN are crucial to our understanding of its role in cancer. Technological advances have changed the way CIN is quantified, offering increased accuracy and insight. Here, we review measures of CIN through its rise as a field, discuss considerations for its measurement, and look forward to future quantification of CIN.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38367036
doi: 10.1007/s10577-024-09746-y
pii: 10.1007/s10577-024-09746-y
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2Subventions
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : F31CA254247
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : T32CA009135
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : 1R01CA234904
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Références
Aaltonen LA et al (1993) Clues to the pathogenesis of familial colorectal cancer. Science (New York, N.Y.) 260(5109):812–816. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8484121
Adam S et al (2021) The CIP2A–TOPBP1 axis safeguards chromosome stability and is a synthetic lethal target for BRCA-mutated cancer. Nat Cancer 2:1357–1371
pubmed: 35121901
doi: 10.1038/s43018-021-00266-w
Anderson EG (1929) Studies on a case of high non-disjunction in Drosophila melanogaster. Z. Ver-erbungslehre 51:397–441
Anderson EG (1931) The constitution of primary exceptions obtained after X-ray treatment of Drosophila. Genetics 16:386–396
pubmed: 17246628
pmcid: 1201107
doi: 10.1093/genetics/16.4.386
Arnold J (1879) Beobachtungen über Kerntheilungen in den Zellen der Geschwülste. Archiv Für Pathologische Anatomie Und Physiologie Und Für Klinische Medicin 78:279–301
Bakhoum SF, Genovese G, Compton DA (2009) Deviant kinetochore microtubule dynamics underlie chromosomal instability. Curr Biol 19:1937–1942
pubmed: 19879145
pmcid: 2787757
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.055
Bakhoum SF, Danilova OV, Kaur P, Levy NB, Compton DA (2011) Chromosomal instability substantiates poor prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 17:7704–7711
pubmed: 22184286
pmcid: 3244806
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2049
Bakhoum SF et al (2014) The mitotic origin of chromosomal instability. Curr Biol 24:R148–R149
pubmed: 24556433
pmcid: 3970164
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.019
Bakhoum SF et al (2018) Chromosomal instability drives metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response. Nature 553:467–472
pubmed: 29342134
pmcid: 5785464
doi: 10.1038/nature25432
Bakker B et al (2016) Single-cell sequencing reveals karyotype heterogeneity in murine and human malignancies. Genome Biol 17:115
pubmed: 27246460
pmcid: 4888588
doi: 10.1186/s13059-016-0971-7
Bakker B, et al. (2023) “Predicting CIN rates from single-cell whole genome sequencing data using an in silico model”. Cancer Biol. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.14.528596
Ban I, Tomašić L, Trakala M, Tolić IM, Pavin N (2023) Proliferative advantage of specific aneuploid cells drives evolution of tumor karyotypes. Biophys J 122(4):632–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.017
Baslan T et al (2012) Genome-wide copy number analysis of single cells. Nat Protoc 7:1024–1041
pubmed: 22555242
pmcid: 5069701
doi: 10.1038/nprot.2012.039
Bauman JGJ, Wiegant J, Borst P, van Duijn P (1980) A new method for fluorescence microscopical localization of specific DNA sequences by in situ hybridization of fluorochrome-labelled RNA. Exp Cell Res 128:485–490
pubmed: 6157553
doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(80)90087-7
Beadle GW (1933) A gene for sticky chromosomes in Zea mays. Z.Ver-erbungslehre 63:195–217
Beadle GW (1937) Chromosome aberration and gene mutation in sticky chromosome plants of Zea mays. Cytologia Fujii Jubilaei 1:43–56
Berg S et al (2019) ilastik: interactive machine learning for (bio)image analysis. Nat Methods 16:1226–1232
pubmed: 31570887
doi: 10.1038/s41592-019-0582-9
Birkbak NJ et al (2011) Paradoxical relationship between chromosomal instability and survival outcome in cancer. Cancer Res 71:3447–3452
pubmed: 21270108
pmcid: 3096721
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3667
Bolhaqueiro ACF et al (2019) Ongoing chromosomal instability and karyotype evolution in human colorectal cancer organoids. Nat Genet 51:824–834
pubmed: 31036964
doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0399-6
Boveri T (1887) Zellen-Studien: Die Bildung der Richtungskörper bei Ascaris megalocephala und Ascaris lümbricoides. G. Fischer
Boveri T (1887b) Uber Differenzierung der Zellkerne wahrend der Furchung des Eies von Ascaris megalocephala. Anat Anz 2:688–693
Boveri T (1889) Ein geschlechtlich erzeugter Organismus ohne mütterliche Eigenschaften Sitz Gesel Morph u Physiol Müchen 5, 73–83 Trans by TH Morgan 1893, as “An organism produced sexually without characteristics of the mother.” Am Naturalist 27:222–232
Boveri M (1903) Ueber mitosen bei einseitiger chromosomenbindung. Jenaische Zeitschrift Für Naturwissenschaft 37:401–443
Boveri T (1888) Zellen-Studien: Die Befruchtung und Teilung des Eies von Ascaris megalocephala. G. Fischer
Boveri T (1902) Ueber mehrpolige Mitosen als Mittel zur Analyse des Zelkerns. Wurzburg C. Kabitzsch und Verh d Phys Med Ges Zu Wurzburg NF Bd 35
Boveri T (1904) Ergebnisse über die Konstitution der chromatischen Substanz des Zellkerns. Verlag von Gustav Fischer in Jena
Boveri T (1914) Zur frage der entstehung maligner tumoren. Fischer
Bridges CB (1913) Non-disjunction of the sex chromosomes of Drosophila. J Exp Zool 15:587–606
doi: 10.1002/jez.1400150406
Bridges CB (1914) Direct proof through non-disjunction that the sex-linked genes of Drosophila are borne by the X-chromosome. Science 40:107–109
pubmed: 17807969
doi: 10.1126/science.40.1020.107
Bridges CB (1916) Non-disjunction as proof of the chromosome theory of heredity (Concluded). Genetics 1:107–163
pubmed: 17245853
pmcid: 1193656
doi: 10.1093/genetics/1.2.107
Brown R (1833) XXXV. On the organs and mode of fecundation in Orchideæ and Asclepiadeæ. Trans Linnean Soc London os-16, 685–738
Campbell PJ et al (2008) Identification of somatically acquired rearrangements in cancer using genome-wide massively parallel paired-end sequencing. Nat Genet 40:722–729
pubmed: 18438408
pmcid: 2705838
doi: 10.1038/ng.128
Camps J et al (2005) Comprehensive measurement of chromosomal instability in cancer cells: combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. FASEB j 19:1–19
doi: 10.1096/fj.04-2276fje
Carter SL, Eklund AC, Kohane IS, Harris LN, Szallasi Z (2006) A signature of chromosomal instability inferred from gene expression profiles predicts clinical outcome in multiple human cancers. Nat Genet 38:1043–1048
pubmed: 16921376
doi: 10.1038/ng1861
Catalina P et al (2008) Human ESCs predisposition to karyotypic instability: Is a matter of culture adaptation or differential vulnerability among hESC lines due to inherent properties? Mol Cancer 7:1–9
doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-76
Chalfie M, Tu Y, Euskirchen G, Ward WW, Prasher DC (1994) Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression. Science 263:802–805
pubmed: 8303295
doi: 10.1126/science.8303295
Cheng P et al (2022) Proteogenomic analysis of cancer aneuploidy and normal tissues reveals divergent modes of gene regulation across cellular pathways. eLife 11:e75227
pubmed: 36129397
pmcid: 9491860
doi: 10.7554/eLife.75227
Chiang DY et al (2009) High-resolution mapping of copy-number alterations with massively parallel sequencing. Nat Methods 6:99–103
pubmed: 19043412
doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1276
Chin S-F et al (2018) Shallow whole genome sequencing for robust copy number profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancers. Exp Mol Pathol 104:161–169
pubmed: 29608913
pmcid: 5993858
doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.03.006
Cimini D et al (2001) Merotelic kinetochore orientation is a major mechanism of aneuploidy in mitotic mammalian tissue cells. J Cell Biol 153:517–528
pubmed: 11331303
pmcid: 2190575
doi: 10.1083/jcb.153.3.517
Cimini D, Fioravanti D, Salmon ED, Degrassi F (2002) Merotelic kinetochore orientation versus chromosome mono-orientation in the origin of lagging chromosomes in human primary cells. J Cell Sci 115:507–515
pubmed: 11861758
doi: 10.1242/jcs.115.3.507
Cimini D, Moree B, Canman JC, Salmon ED (2003) Merotelic kinetochore orientation occurs frequently during early mitosis in mammalian tissue cells and error correction is achieved by two different mechanisms. J Cell Sci 116:4213–4225
pubmed: 12953065
doi: 10.1242/jcs.00716
Cleveland LR (1949) The whole life cycle of chromosomes and their coiling systems. Trans Am Philos Soc 39:1–97
doi: 10.2307/1005635
Colijn C, Gardy J (2014) Phylogenetic tree shapes resolve disease transmission patterns. Evol Med Public Heal. https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eou018
Correns CFJEG (1900) Mendel’s Regel uber das Verhalten der Nachkommenschaft der Rassenbastarde. Ber Dtsch Botanisch Ges 18:158–167
Cortés-Ciriano I et al (2020) Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing. Nat Genet 52:331–341
pubmed: 32025003
pmcid: 7058534
doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0576-7
Cox D, Yuncken C, Spriggs ArthurI (1965) Minute chromatin bodies in malignant tumours of childhood. Lancet 286:55–58
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(65)90131-5
Crasta K et al (2012) DNA breaks and chromosome pulverization from errors in mitosis. Nature 482:53–58
pubmed: 22258507
pmcid: 3271137
doi: 10.1038/nature10802
Cross W, et al. (2020) Stabilising selection causes grossly altered but stable karyotypes in metastatic colorectal cancer. Biorxiv, 2020.03.26.007138
Dahm R (2005) Friedrich Miescher and the discovery of DNA. Dev Biol 278:274–288
pubmed: 15680349
doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.11.028
Darwin C, Wallace A (1858) On the tendency of species to form varieties; and on the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural means of selection. J Proc Linnean Soc London. Zoology 3:45–62
doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1858.tb02500.x
Davis IM (2022) “Round, red globules floating in a crystalline fluid” – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek’s observations of red blood cells and hemocytes. Micron 157:103249
pubmed: 35364426
doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2022.103249
Davoli T et al (2013) Cumulative haploinsufficiency and triplosensitivity drive aneuploidy patterns and shape the cancer genome. Cell 155:948–962
pubmed: 24183448
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.011
De Falco A, Caruso F, Su X-D, Iavarone A, Ceccarelli M (2023) A variational algorithm to detect the clonal copy number substructure of tumors from scRNA-seq data. Nat Commun 14:1074
pubmed: 36841879
pmcid: 9968345
doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36790-9
de Vries HM (1900) Das Spaltungsgesetz der bastarde. Ber Dtsch Hot Ges 18:83–90
doi: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1900.tb04884.x
Deleye L et al (2015) Shallow whole genome sequencing is well suited for the detection of chromosomal aberrations in human blastocysts. Fertil Steril 104:1276-1285.e1
pubmed: 26282994
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1144
Della Valle P (1909) L’organizzazione della cromatina studiata mediante il numero dei cromosomi. Archivio Zoologico Italiano 4:1–177
Demerec M, Farrow JG (1930) Relation between the X-ray dosage and the frequency of primary non-disjunctions of X-chromosomes in Drosophila virilis1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 16:711–714
pubmed: 16577297
pmcid: 526722
doi: 10.1073/pnas.16.11.711
Deng W, Shi X, Tjian R, Lionnet T, Singer RH (2015) CASFISH: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated in situ labeling of genomic loci in fixed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112:11870–11875
pubmed: 26324940
pmcid: 4586837
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1515692112
Dephoure N et al (2014) Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals posttranslational responses to aneuploidy in yeast. eLife 3:e03023
pubmed: 25073701
pmcid: 4129440
doi: 10.7554/eLife.03023
Dittrich W, Göhde W (1969) Notizen: Impulsfluorometrie bei Einzelzellen in Suspensionen. Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B 24:360–361
doi: 10.1515/znb-1969-0326
Drews RM, et al. (2022) A pan-cancer compendium of chromosomal instability. Nat 606(7916):976–983. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04789-9
du Manoir S et al (1993) Detection of complete and partial chromosome gains and losses by comparative genomic in situ hybridization. Hum Genet 90:590–610
pubmed: 8444465
doi: 10.1007/BF00202476
Dürrbaum M et al (2014) Unique features of the transcriptional response to model aneuploidy in human cells. BMC Genomics 15:139
pubmed: 24548329
pmcid: 3932016
doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-139
Eagle H (1955) The specific amino acid requirements of a mammalian cell (strain L) in tissue culture. J Biol Chem 214:839–852
pubmed: 14381421
doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)70932-0
Elizalde S, Laughney AM, Bakhoum SF (2018) A Markov chain for numerical chromosomal instability in clonally expanding populations. Plos Comput Biol 14:e1006447
pubmed: 30204765
pmcid: 6150543
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006447
Emerson RA (1917) Genetical studies of variegated pericarp in maize. Genetics 2:1–35
pubmed: 17245873
pmcid: 1193706
doi: 10.1093/genetics/2.1.1
Enders JF (1952) General preface to studies on the cultivation of poliomyelitis viruses in tissue culture. J Immunol 69:639–643
pubmed: 13022977
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.69.6.639
Ernst LA, Gupta RK, Mujumdar RB, Waggoner AS (1989) Cyanine dye labeling reagents for sulfhydryl groups. Cytometry 10:3–10
pubmed: 2917472
doi: 10.1002/cyto.990100103
Eyster WH (1924) A genetic analysis of variegation. Genetics 9:372–404
pubmed: 17246047
pmcid: 1200829
doi: 10.1093/genetics/9.4.372
Fan Y et al (2011) Frequency of double minute chromosomes and combined cytogenetic abnormalities and their characteristics. J Appl Genet 52:53–59
pubmed: 21107781
doi: 10.1007/s13353-010-0007-z
Fan J et al (2018) Linking transcriptional and genetic tumor heterogeneity through allele analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data. Genome Res 28:1217–1227
pubmed: 29898899
pmcid: 6071640
doi: 10.1101/gr.228080.117
Flemming W (1882) Zellsubstanz, kern und zelltheilung. Verlag von F. C. W. Vogel
Ford C (1936) Non-disjunction in Oenothera and the genesis of trisomics. J Genet 33:275–303
doi: 10.1007/BF02982537
Ford C (1959) A sex-chromosome anomaly in a case of gonadal dysgenesis (Turner’s syndrome). Lancet 273:711–713
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(59)91893-8
Fountzilas G et al (2009) A randomized phase III study comparing three anthracycline-free taxane-based regimens, as first line chemotherapy, in metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 115:87–99
pubmed: 18483853
doi: 10.1007/s10549-008-0047-9
Galeotti G (1893) Beitrag zum Studium des Chromatins in den Epithelzellen der Carcinome. Beitr Pathol Anat Allg Pathol 14:249–271
Gall JG, Pardue ML (1969) Formation and detection of RNA-DNA hybrid molecules in cytological preparations. Proc Natl Acad Sci 63:378–383
pubmed: 4895535
pmcid: 223575
doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.2.378
Ganem NJ, Godinho SA, Pellman D (2009) A mechanism linking extra centrosomes to chromosomal instability. Nature 460:278–282
pubmed: 19506557
pmcid: 2743290
doi: 10.1038/nature08136
Gao R et al (2016) Punctuated copy number evolution and clonal stasis in triple-negative breast cancer. Nat Genet 48:1119–1130
pubmed: 27526321
pmcid: 5042845
doi: 10.1038/ng.3641
Gao R et al (2021) Delineating copy number and clonal substructure in human tumors from single-cell transcriptomes. Nat Biotechnol 39:599–608
pubmed: 33462507
pmcid: 8122019
doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-00795-2
Gasch AP et al (2016) Further support for aneuploidy tolerance in wild yeast and effects of dosage compensation on gene copy-number evolution. eLife 5:e14409
pubmed: 26949252
pmcid: 4798956
doi: 10.7554/eLife.14409
Gates RR (1911) Mutation in Oenothera. Am Nat 45:577–606
doi: 10.1086/279241
Gaztelumendi N, Nogués C (2014) Chromosome instability in mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 4:5324
pubmed: 24937170
pmcid: 4060510
doi: 10.1038/srep05324
Geigl JB, Obenauf AC, Schwarzbraun T, Speicher MR (2008) Defining ‘chromosomal instability.’ Trends Genet 24:64–69
pubmed: 18192061
doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2007.11.006
Gerlinger M et al (2012) Intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution revealed by multiregion sequencing. N Engl J Med 366:883–892
pubmed: 22397650
pmcid: 4878653
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1113205
German J (1964) Cytological evidence for crossing-over in vitro in human lymphoid cells. Science 144:298–301
pubmed: 14169717
doi: 10.1126/science.144.3616.298
Go G (1952) Tissue culture studies of the proliferative capacity of cervical carcinoma and normal epithelium. Cancer Res 12:264–265
Godinho SA, Pellman D (2014) Causes and consequences of centrosome abnormalities in cancer. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 369:20130467–20130467
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0467
Gomes AM et al (2022) Micronuclei from misaligned chromosomes that satisfy the spindle assembly checkpoint in cancer cells. Curr Biol 32:4240-4254.e5
pubmed: 36057259
pmcid: 9559752
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.026
Gould RG (1959) The LASER, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation in, p. 92
Gusev Y, Kagansky V, Dooley WC, Gussv Y (2000) Stochastic model of chromosome segregation errors with reference to cancer cells. Math Comput Model 32:97–111
doi: 10.1016/S0895-7177(00)00122-9
Gusev Y, Kagansky V, Dooley WC (2001) Long-term dynamics of chromosomal instability in cancer: a transition probability model. Math Comput Model 33:1253–1273
doi: 10.1016/S0895-7177(00)00313-7
Hance RT (1918) Variations in the number of somatic chromosomes in Oenothera scintillans de Vries. Genetics 3:225–275
pubmed: 17245904
pmcid: 1200436
doi: 10.1093/genetics/3.3.225
Hardy PA, Zacharias H (2005) Reappraisal of the Hansemann-Boveri hypothesis on the origin of tumors. Cell Biol Int 29:983–992
pubmed: 16314117
doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2005.10.001
Hartwell L (1992) Defects in a cell cycle checkpoint may be responsible for the genomic instability of cancer cells. Cell 71:543–546
pubmed: 1423612
doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90586-2
Hartwell LH, Smith D (1985) Altered fidelity of mitotic chromosome transmission in cell cycle mutants of S. cerevisiae. Genetics 110:381–395
pubmed: 3894160
pmcid: 1202570
doi: 10.1093/genetics/110.3.381
Hauschka TS, Levan A (1953) Inverse relationship between chromosome ploidy and host-specificity of sixteen transplantable tumors. Exp Cell Res 4:457–467
doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(53)90171-2
Hayes HK (1917) Inheritance of a mosaic pericarp pattern color of maize. Genetics 2:261–281
pubmed: 17245882
pmcid: 1193716
doi: 10.1093/genetics/2.3.261
Hertwig O, Hertwig R (1885) Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Bedingungen der Bastardbefruchtung. G. Fischer
Hertwig O, Hertwig R (1887) Uber den Befruchtungs-und Teilungsvorgang des tierischen Eies: unter dem Einflufs äusserer Agentien. G. Fischer
Hieter P, Mann C, Snyder M, Davis RW (1985) Mitotic stability of yeast chromosomes: a colony color assay that measures nondisjunction and chromosome loss. Cell 40:381–392
pubmed: 3967296
doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90152-7
Hiley C, de Bruin EC, McGranahan N, Swanton C (2014) Deciphering intratumor heterogeneity and temporal acquisition of driver events to refine precision medicine. Genome Biol 15:453
pubmed: 25222836
pmcid: 4281956
doi: 10.1186/s13059-014-0453-8
Hintzen DC et al (2022) The impact of monosomies, trisomies and segmental aneuploidies on chromosomal stability. PLoS ONE 17:e0268579
pubmed: 35776704
pmcid: 9249180
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268579
His W, Miescher F (1897) Die Histochemischen Und Physiologischen Arbeiten Von Friedrich Miescher 1:5–32
Hoevenaar WHM et al (2020) Degree and site of chromosomal instability define its oncogenic potential. Nat Commun 11:1501
pubmed: 32198375
pmcid: 7083897
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15279-9
Hoffelder DR et al (2004) Resolution of anaphase bridges in cancer cells. Chromosoma 112:389–397
pubmed: 15156327
doi: 10.1007/s00412-004-0284-6
Holland AJ, Cleveland DW (2009) Boveri revisited: chromosomal instability, aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio 10:478–487
doi: 10.1038/nrm2718
Hooke R, Allestry J, Martyn J (1665) Micrographia, or, some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses :with observations and inquiries thereupon. Printed by Jo. Martyn and Ja. Allestry, printers to the Royal Society
Hose J et al (2015) Dosage compensation can buffer copy-number variation in wild yeast. eLife 4:e05462
pubmed: 25955966
pmcid: 4448642
doi: 10.7554/eLife.05462
Hoyt MA, Stearns T, Botstein D (1990) Chromosome instability mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are defective in microtubule-mediated processes. Mol Cell Biol 10:223–234
pubmed: 2403635
pmcid: 360730
Hsu T-C (1952) Mammalian chromosomes in vitro: I. The karyotype of man. J Hered 43:167–172
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106296
Hsu TC, Pomerat CM (1953) Mammalian chromosomes in vitro: II. A method for spreading the chromosomes of cells in tissue culture. J Hered 44:23–30
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106344
Hu Y et al (2021) Paclitaxel induces micronucleation and activates pro-inflammatory cGAS–STING signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 20:2553–2567
pubmed: 34583980
doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-21-0195
Hughes AF, Swann MM (1948) Anaphase movements in the living cell : a study with phase contrast and polarized light on chick tissue cultures. J Exp Biol 25:45–72
doi: 10.1242/jeb.25.1.45
Hui H et al (2018) Imaging flow cytometry to assess chromosomal abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Methods 134–135:32–40
pubmed: 29155042
doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.11.003
Imreh M et al (2006) In vitro culture conditions favoring selection of chromosomal abnormalities in human ES cells. J Cell Biochem 99:508–516
pubmed: 16622834
doi: 10.1002/jcb.20897
Inouéa S (1953) Polarization optical studies of the mitotic spindle: I. The demonstration of spindle fibers in living cells. Chromosoma 5:487–500
doi: 10.1007/BF01271498
Inouéa S, Dan K (1951) Birefringenoe of the dividing cell: birefringenoe of dividing cell. J Morphol 89:423–455
doi: 10.1002/jmor.1050890304
Ionov Y, Peinado MA, Malkhosyan S, Shibata D, Perucho M (1993) Ubiquitous somatic mutations in simple repeated sequences reveal a new mechanism for colonic carcinogenesis. Nature 363:558–561
pubmed: 8505985
doi: 10.1038/363558a0
Jackson DA, Symons RH, Berg P (1972) Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA of Simian Virus 40: circular SV40 DNA molecules containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci 69:2904–2909
pubmed: 4342968
pmcid: 389671
doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.10.2904
Jacobs PA, Strong JA (1959) A case of human intersexuality having a possible XXY sex-determining mechanism. Nature 183:302–303
pubmed: 13632697
doi: 10.1038/183302a0
Jakubek YA, San Lucas FA, Scheet P (2019) Directional allelic imbalance profiling and visualization from multi-sample data with RECUR. Bioinformatics 35:2300–2302
pubmed: 30462146
doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty885
Jamal-Hanjani M et al (2017) Tracking the evolution of non–small-cell lung cancer. New Engl J Med 376:2109–2121
pubmed: 28445112
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1616288
Janssen A, Kops GJPL, Medema RH (2009) Elevating the frequency of chromosome mis-segregation as a strategy to kill tumor cells. Proc National Acad Sci. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904343106
Jh IT, Levan A (1956) The chromosome number of man. Hereditas 42:1–6
Kallioniemi A et al (1992) Comparative genomic hybridization for molecular cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors. Science 258:818–821
pubmed: 1359641
doi: 10.1126/science.1359641
Kato H, Sandberg AA (1968) Chromosome pulverization in human cells with micronuclei. J Natl Cancer Inst 40:165–179
pubmed: 5635016
Kelvin WT (1889) Popular lectures and addresses: in three volumes. Constitution of matter. MacMillan and Company
Kimmel GJ et al (2023) Intra-tumor heterogeneity, turnover rate and karyotype space shape susceptibility to missegregation-induced extinction. PLoS Comput Biol 19:e1010815
pubmed: 36689467
pmcid: 9917311
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010815
Klein CA et al (2002) Genetic heterogeneity of single disseminated tumour cells in minimal residual cancer. Lancet 360:683–689
pubmed: 12241875
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09838-0
Kneissig M et al (2019) Micronuclei-based model system reveals functional consequences of chromothripsis in human cells. Life 8:e50292
Knouse KA, Davoli T, Elledge SJ, Amon A (2017) Aneuploidy in cancer: Seq-ing answers to old questions. Annu Rev Cancer Biology 1:335–354
doi: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-042616-072231
Knouse KA, Wu J, Whittaker CA, Amon A (2014) Single cell sequencing reveals low levels of aneuploidy across mammalian tissues. Proc Nat Acad Sci. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1415287111
Kohlruss M et al (2018) A microsatellite based multiplex PCR method for the detection of chromosomal instability in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 8:12551
pubmed: 30135548
pmcid: 6105665
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30971-z
Kohlruss M et al (2021) Diverse ‘just-right’ levels of chromosomal instability and their clinical implications in neoadjuvant treated gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 125:1621–1631
pubmed: 34671125
pmcid: 8651679
doi: 10.1038/s41416-021-01587-4
Koller PC (1942) A new technique for mitosis in tumours. Nature 149:193–193
doi: 10.1038/149193a0
Koller PC (1947) Abnormal mitosis in tumours. Br J Cancer 1:38–47
pubmed: 20240421
pmcid: 2007508
doi: 10.1038/bjc.1947.5
Kops GJPL, Foltz DR, Cleveland DW (2004) Lethality to human cancer cells through massive chromosome loss by inhibition of the mitotic checkpoint. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101:8699–8704
pubmed: 15159543
pmcid: 423258
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0401142101
Langer-Safer PR, Levine M, Ward DC (1982) Immunological method for mapping genes on Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 79:4381–4385
pubmed: 6812046
pmcid: 346675
doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.14.4381
Laughney AM, Elizalde S, Genovese G, Bakhoum SF (2015) Dynamics of tumor heterogeneity derived from clonal karyotypic evolution. Cell Rep 12:809–820
pubmed: 26212324
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.065
Le Caignec C et al (2006) Single-cell chromosomal imbalances detection by array CGH. Nucleic Acids Res 34:e68
pubmed: 16698960
pmcid: 3303179
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl336
Lee AJX et al (2011) Chromosomal instability confers intrinsic multidrug resistance. Cancer Res 71:1858–1870
pubmed: 21363922
pmcid: 3059493
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3604
Lee H-S et al (2013) A new assay for measuring chromosome instability (CIN) and identification of drugs that elevate CIN in cancer cells. BMC Cancer 13:252
pubmed: 23694679
pmcid: 3671967
doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-252
Leibowitz ML et al (2021) Chromothripsis as an on-target consequence of CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing. Nat Genet 53:895–905
pubmed: 33846636
pmcid: 8192433
doi: 10.1038/s41588-021-00838-7
Lejeune J (1959) Etude des chromosomes somatiques de neuf enfants mongoliens. L’acaddemie Des Sciences Paris 248:1713–1727
Lengauer C, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (1997) Genetic instability in colorectal cancers. Nature 386:623–627
pubmed: 9121588
doi: 10.1038/386623a0
Leung ML et al (2017) Single-cell DNA sequencing reveals a late-dissemination model in metastatic colorectal cancer. Genome Res 27:1287–1299
pubmed: 28546418
pmcid: 5538546
doi: 10.1101/gr.209973.116
Levan A, Biesele JJ (1958) Role of chromosomes in cancerogenesis, as studied in serial tissue culture of mammalian cells. Ann NY Acad Sci 71:1022–1053
pubmed: 13583868
doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1958.tb46820.x
Li M et al (2010) The ATM–p53 pathway suppresses aneuploidy-induced tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107:14188–14193
pubmed: 20663956
pmcid: 2922543
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005960107
Lips EH et al (2022) Genomic analysis defines clonal relationships of ductal carcinoma in situ and recurrent invasive breast cancer. Nat Genet 54:850–860
pubmed: 35681052
pmcid: 9197769
doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01082-3
Liskovykh M et al (2019) A novel assay to screen siRNA libraries identifies protein kinases required for chromosome transmission. Genome Res 29:1719–1732
pubmed: 31515286
pmcid: 6771407
doi: 10.1101/gr.254276.119
Ludford RJ (1953) I.—Chemically induced derangements of cell division*. J R Microscopic Soc 73:1–23
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1953.tb02343.x
Ly P et al (2019) Chromosome segregation errors generate a diverse spectrum of simple and complex genomic rearrangements. Nat Genet 51:705–715
pubmed: 30833795
pmcid: 6441390
doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0360-8
Lynch AR, Arp NL, Zhou AS, Weaver BA, Burkard ME (2022) Quantifying chromosomal instability from intratumoral karyotype diversity using agent-based modeling and Bayesian inference. eLife 11:e69799
pubmed: 35380536
pmcid: 9054132
doi: 10.7554/eLife.69799
Ma H et al (2015) Multicolor CRISPR labeling of chromosomal loci in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112:3002–3007
pubmed: 25713381
pmcid: 4364232
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420024112
Maciejowski J et al (2020) APOBEC3-dependent kataegis and TREX1-driven chromothripsis during telomere crisis. Nat Genet 52:884–890
pubmed: 32719516
pmcid: 7484228
doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0667-5
Macintyre G et al (2018) Copy number signatures and mutational processes in ovarian carcinoma. Nat Genet 50:1262–1270
pubmed: 30104763
pmcid: 6130818
doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0179-8
Maderspacher F (2008) Theodor Boveri and the natural experiment. Curr Biol 18:R279–R286
pubmed: 18397731
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.061
Maiman TH (1960) Stimulated optical radiation in ruby. Nature 187:493–494
doi: 10.1038/187493a0
Markossian S, Arnaoutov A, Saba NS, Larionov V, Dasso M (2016) Quantitative assessment of chromosome instability induced through chemical disruption of mitotic progression. Cell Cycle 15:1706–1714
pubmed: 27104376
pmcid: 4957569
doi: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1175796
Mavor JW (1922) The Production of Non-Disjunction by X-rays. Science 55:295–297
pubmed: 17773158
doi: 10.1126/science.55.1420.295
Mavor JW (1924) Gynandromorphs from X-rayed mothers. Am Nat 58:525–529
doi: 10.1086/280003
Mayer VW, Aguilera A (1990) High levels of chromosome instability in polyploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutation Res/Fundam Molec Mech Mutagen 231:177–186
doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(90)90024-X
McClintock B (1931) The order of the genes C, Sh and Wx in Zea mays with reference to a cytologically known point in the chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci 17:485–491
pubmed: 16587653
pmcid: 1076097
doi: 10.1073/pnas.17.8.485
McClintock B (1932) A correlation of ring-shaped chromosomes with variegation in Zea mays. Proc Natl Acad Sci 18:677–681
pubmed: 16577496
pmcid: 1076312
doi: 10.1073/pnas.18.12.677
McClintock B (1937) The production of maize plants mosaic for homozygous deficiencies: simulation of the bm1 phenotype through loss of the Bm1 locus. Genetics 22:200
McClintock B (1938) The production of homozygous deficient tissues with mutant characteristics by means of the aberrant mitotic behavior of ring-shaped chromosomes. Genetics 23:315–376
pubmed: 17246891
pmcid: 1209016
doi: 10.1093/genetics/23.4.315
McClintock B (1941) The stability of broken ends of chromosomes in Zea mays. Genetics 26:234–282
pubmed: 17247004
pmcid: 1209127
doi: 10.1093/genetics/26.2.234
G Mendel 1865 Versuche über Plflanzenhybriden. Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn Bd. IV für das Jahr Bd. IV: 3–47
Miescher JF (1871) Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen. Augus tHirschwald
Miglierina R, Le Coniat M, Berger R (1991) A simple diagnostic test for Fanconi anemia by flow cytometry. Anal Cell Pathol 3:111–118
pubmed: 2025601
Minussi DC et al (2021) Breast tumours maintain a reservoir of subclonal diversity during expansion. Nature 592(7853):302–308
Mitelman F (1971) The chromosomes of fifty primary Rous rat sarcomas. Hereditas 69:155–186
pubmed: 4376138
doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1971.tb02431.x
Mitelman F (1983) Catalogue of chromosome aberrations in cancer. Cytogenet Cell Genet 36:1–515
Mooers A, Heard SB (1997) Inferring evolutionary process from phylogenetic tree shape. Q Rev Biol. https://doi.org/10.1086/419657
Navin N et al (2011) Tumour evolution inferred by single-cell sequencing. Nature 472:90–95
pubmed: 21399628
pmcid: 4504184
doi: 10.1038/nature09807
Neher RA, Russell CA, Shraiman BI (2014) Predicting evolution from the shape of genealogical trees. Elife. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.03568
Nelson L, et al. (2020) A living biobank of ovarian cancer ex vivo models reveals profound mitotic heterogeneity. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14551-2
Nowell PC (1960) A minute chromosome in human chronic granulocytic leukemia. Science 132:1497
Nowell PC (1976) The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. Science 194:23–28
pubmed: 959840
doi: 10.1126/science.959840
Patel AP et al (2014) Single-cell RNA-seq highlights intratumoral heterogeneity in primary glioblastoma. Science 344:1396–1401
pubmed: 24925914
pmcid: 4123637
doi: 10.1126/science.1254257
Patterson J (1929) X-rays and somatic mutations. J Hered 20:261–267
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a103194
Patterson JT (1930) Proof that the entire chromosome is not eliminated in the production of somatic variations by X-rays in Drosophila. Genetics 15:141–149
pubmed: 17246595
pmcid: 1201060
doi: 10.1093/genetics/15.2.141
Pavelka N et al (2010) Aneuploidy confers quantitative proteome changes and phenotypic variation in budding yeast. Nature 468:321–325
pubmed: 20962780
pmcid: 2978756
doi: 10.1038/nature09529
Pinkel D et al (1998) High resolution analysis of DNA copy number variation using comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays. Nat Genet 20:207–211
pubmed: 9771718
doi: 10.1038/2524
Prasher DC, Eckenrode VK, Ward WW, Prendergast FG, Cormier MJ (1992) Primary structure of the Aequorea victoria green-fluorescent protein. Gene 111:229–233
pubmed: 1347277
doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90691-H
Qin P et al (2017) Live cell imaging of low- and non-repetitive chromosome loci using CRISPR-Cas9. Nat Commun 8:14725
pubmed: 28290446
pmcid: 5424063
doi: 10.1038/ncomms14725
Redi F (1668) Esperienze intorno alla generazione degl’insetti. All’insegna della Stella
Redman-Rivera LN et al (2021) Acquisition of aneuploidy drives mutant p53-associated gain-of-function phenotypes. Nat Commun 12:5184
pubmed: 34465782
pmcid: 8408227
doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25359-z
Remak R (1852) Ueber extracellulare Entstehung thierischer Zellen und über Vermehrung derselben durch Theilung. Archiv Für Anatomie, Physiologie Und Wissenschaftliche Medicin 1852:47–57
Rhoades MM (1933) A cytogenetical study of a reciprocal translocation in Zea*. Proc Natl Acad Sci 19:1022–1031
pubmed: 16587819
pmcid: 1086276
doi: 10.1073/pnas.19.12.1022
Roschke AV, Stover K, Tonon G, Schäffer AA, Kirsch IR (2002) Stable karyotypes in epithelial cancer cell lines despite high rates of ongoing structural and numerical chromosomal instability. Neoplasia 4:19–31
pubmed: 11922387
pmcid: 1503315
doi: 10.1038/sj.neo.7900197
Roschke AV et al (2003) Karyotypic complexity of the NCI-60 drug-screening panel. Can Res 63:8634–8647
Rowley JD (1973) A new consistent chromosomal abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukaemia identified by quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa staining. Nature 243:290–293
pubmed: 4126434
doi: 10.1038/243290a0
Safir SR (1920) Genetic and cytological examination of the phenomena of primary non-disjunction in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 5:459–487
pubmed: 17245950
pmcid: 1200490
doi: 10.1093/genetics/5.5.459
Samstein RM et al (2019) Tumor mutational load predicts survival after immunotherapy across multiple cancer types. Nat Genet 51:202–206
pubmed: 30643254
pmcid: 6365097
doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0312-8
Sansregret L, Vanhaesebroeck B, Swanton C (2018) Determinants and clinical implications of chromosomal instability in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15:139–150
pubmed: 29297505
doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.198
Satzinger H (2005) The chromosomal theory of heredity and the problem of gender equality in the work of Theodor and Marcella Boveri in A cultural history of heredity III: 19th and early 20th centuries (Berlin), pp. 101–114
Satzinger H (2008) Theodor and Marcella Boveri: chromosomes and cytoplasm in heredity and development. Nat Rev Genet 9:231–238
pubmed: 18268510
doi: 10.1038/nrg2311
Schröck E et al (1996) Multicolor spectral karyotyping of human chromosomes. Science 273:494–497
pubmed: 8662537
doi: 10.1126/science.273.5274.494
Schroeder TM (1966) Cytogenetische und cytologische Befunde bei enzymopenischen Panmyelopathien und Pancytopenien. Hum Genet 2:287–316
doi: 10.1007/BF00395947
Schukken KM, Sheltzer JM (2021) “Extensive protein dosage compensation in aneuploid human cancers”. Genomics. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.18.449005
Scott JG, Maini PK, Anderson ARA, Fletcher AG (2019) Inferring tumour proliferative organisation from phylogenetic tree measures in a computational model. Syst Biol. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz070
Seabright M (1971) A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes. Lancet 298:971–972
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(71)90287-X
Serin Harmanci A, Harmanci AO, Zhou X (2020) CaSpER identifies and visualizes CNV events by integrative analysis of single-cell or bulk RNA-sequencing data. Nat Commun 11:89
pubmed: 31900397
pmcid: 6941987
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13779-x
Shackney SE et al (1989) Model for the genetic evolution of human solid tumors1. Can Res 49:3344–3354
Sheltzer JM (2013) A transcriptional and metabolic signature of primary aneuploidy is present in chromosomally unstable cancer cells and informs clinical prognosis. Cancer Res 73:6401–6412
pubmed: 24041940
pmcid: 3901577
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-0749
Sheltzer JM, Amon A (2011) The aneuploidy paradox: costs and benefits of an incorrect karyotype. Trends Genet 27:446–453
pubmed: 21872963
pmcid: 3197822
doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2011.07.003
Sheltzer JM, Torres EM, Dunham MJ, Amon A (2012) Transcriptional consequences of aneuploidy. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109:12644–12649
pubmed: 22802626
pmcid: 3411958
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1209227109
Shimomura O, Johnson FH, Saiga Y (1962) Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea. J Cell Comp Physiol 59:223–239
pubmed: 13911999
doi: 10.1002/jcp.1030590302
Silk AD et al (2013) Chromosome missegregation rate predicts whether aneuploidy will promote or suppress tumors. Proc Nat Acad Sci 110:E4134–E4141
pubmed: 24133140
pmcid: 3816416
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1317042110
Silkworth WT, Nardi IK, Scholl LM, Cimini D (2009) Multipolar spindle pole coalescence is a major source of kinetochore mis-attachment and chromosome mis-segregation in cancer cells. PLoS ONE 4:e6564
pubmed: 19668340
pmcid: 2719800
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006564
Solinas-Toldo S et al (1997) Matrix-based comparative genomic hybridization: biochips to screen for genomic imbalances. Genes Chrom Cancer 20:399–407
pubmed: 9408757
doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199712)20:4<399::AID-GCC12>3.0.CO;2-I
Soto M et al (2017) p53 prohibits propagation of chromosome segregation errors that produce structural aneuploidies. Cell Rep 19:2423–2431
pubmed: 28636931
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.055
Sottoriva A et al (2015) A Big Bang model of human colorectal tumor growth. Nat Genet 47:209–216
pubmed: 25665006
pmcid: 4575589
doi: 10.1038/ng.3214
Speicher MR, Ballard SG, Ward DC (1996) Karyotyping human chromosomes by combinatorial multi-fluor FISH. Nat Genet 12:368–375
pubmed: 8630489
doi: 10.1038/ng0496-368
Spriggs AI, Boddington MM, Clarke CM (1962) Chromosomes of human cancer cells. Br Med J 2:1431–1435
pubmed: 13978541
pmcid: 1926782
doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5317.1431
Stadler LJ (1928) Genetic effects of X-rays in maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci 14:69–75
pubmed: 16587308
pmcid: 1085350
doi: 10.1073/pnas.14.1.69
Stephens PJ et al (2011) Massive genomic rearrangement acquired in a single catastrophic event during cancer development. Cell 144:27–40
pubmed: 21215367
pmcid: 3065307
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.11.055
Stingele S et al (2012) Global analysis of genome, transcriptome and proteome reveals the response to aneuploidy in human cells. Mol Syst Biol 8:608
pubmed: 22968442
pmcid: 3472693
doi: 10.1038/msb.2012.40
Stirling DR et al (2021) Cell Profiler 4: improvements in speed, utility and usability. BMC Bioinform 22:433
doi: 10.1186/s12859-021-04344-9
Stranger BE et al (2007) Relative impact of nucleotide and copy number variation on gene expression phenotypes. Science 315:848–853
pubmed: 17289997
pmcid: 2665772
doi: 10.1126/science.1136678
Sumner A, Evans H, Buckland R (1971) New technique for distinguishing between human chromosomes. Nat New Biol 232:31–32
pubmed: 4105244
doi: 10.1038/newbio232031a0
Sutton WS (1902) on the morphology of the chromoso group in Brachystola magna. Biol Bull 4:24–39
doi: 10.2307/1535510
Sutton WS (1903) The chromosomes in heredity. Biol Bull 4:231–250
doi: 10.2307/1535741
Swanton C et al (2009) Chromosomal instability determines taxane response. Proc National Acad Sci 106:8671–8676
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0811835106
The Human Chromosome Study Group (1960) A proposed standard system of nomenclature of human mitotic chromosomes. J Hered 51:214–221
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106993
Thibodeau SN, Bren G, Schaid D (1993) Microsatellite instability in cancer of the proximal colon. Science 260:816–819
pubmed: 8484122
doi: 10.1126/science.8484122
Thompson SL, Compton DA (2008) Examining the link between chromosomal instability and aneuploidy in human cells. J Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200712029 .
Thompson SL, Compton DA (2010) Proliferation of aneuploid human cells is limited by a p53-dependent mechanism. J Cell Biol 188:369–381
pubmed: 20123995
pmcid: 2819684
doi: 10.1083/jcb.200905057
Thompson SL, Compton DA (2011) Chromosome missegregation in human cells arises through specific types of kinetochore–microtubule attachment errors. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108:17974–17978
pubmed: 21997207
pmcid: 3207692
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1109720108
Torres EM, et al. (2007) Effects of aneuploidy on cellular physiology and cell division in haploid yeast. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1142210
Torres EM, Williams BR, Amon A (2008) Aneuploidy: cells losing their balance. Genetics 179:737–746
pubmed: 18558649
pmcid: 2429870
doi: 10.1534/genetics.108.090878
Traganos F, Darzynkiewicz Z, Sharpless T, Melamed MR (1977) Nucleic acid content and cell cycle distribution of five human bladder cell lines analysed by flow cytofluorometry. Int J Cancer 20:30–36
pubmed: 71271
doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910200107
Trask BJ (2002) Human cytogenetics: 46 chromosomes, 46 years and counting. Nat Rev Genet 3:769–778
pubmed: 12360235
doi: 10.1038/nrg905
Tschermak E (1900) Über künstliche Kreuzung bei Pisum sativum. E. Tschermak
Tucker JB et al (2023) Misaligned chromosomes are a major source of chromosomal instability in breast cancer. Cancer Res Commun 3:54–65
pubmed: 36968230
pmcid: 10035514
doi: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-22-0302
van Leeuwenhoek A (n.d.) Alle de brieven. Deel 4: 1683–1684
Virchow R (1855) Cellular-Pathologie. Archiv F Pathol Anat 8:3–39
doi: 10.1007/BF01935312
Volpone A (2015) Chromosomenindividualität or Entmischung? The debate between Paolo Della Valle and Edmund B. Wilson Hist Philos Life Sci 36:404–414
pubmed: 26013197
doi: 10.1007/s40656-014-0042-x
von Mohl H, Frisoni E (1835) Über die Verbindung der Pflanzen-Zellen unter einander. Fues
Von Hansemann D (1890) Ueber asymmetrische Zelltheilung in Epithelkrebsen und deren biologische Bedeutung. Archiv F Pathol Anat 119:299–326
doi: 10.1007/BF01882039
Von Hansemann D (1891) Ueber pathologische mitosen. Archiv Für Pathologische Anatomie Und Physiologie Und Für Klinische Medicin 123:356–370
Von Hansemann D (1897) Die mikroscopische Diagnose der bösartigen Geschwülste. Hirschwald
Waldeyer W (1888) Über Karyokinese und ihre Beziehungen zu den Befruchtungsvorgängen. Arch Mikrosk Anat 32:1–122
doi: 10.1007/BF02956988
Wang Y et al (2014) Clonal evolution in breast cancer revealed by single nucleus genome sequencing. Nature 512:155–160
pubmed: 25079324
pmcid: 4158312
doi: 10.1038/nature13600
Wang J et al (2023) A cloud-based resource for genome coordinate-based exploration and large-scale analysis of chromosome aberrations and gene fusions in cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 62:441–448
Watkins TBK et al (2020) Pervasive chromosomal instability and karyotype order in tumour evolution. Nature 587:126–132
Watson JD, Crick FHC (1953) Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 171:737–738
pubmed: 13054692
doi: 10.1038/171737a0
Weaver BA (2014) How Taxol/paclitaxel kills cancer cells. Mol Biol Cell 25:2677–2681
pubmed: 25213191
pmcid: 4161504
doi: 10.1091/mbc.e14-04-0916
Weaver BA, Cleveland DW (2006) Does aneuploidy cause cancer? Curr Opin Cell Biol 18:658–667
pubmed: 17046232
doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2006.10.002
Wheeler DA et al (2008) The complete genome of an individual by massively parallel DNA sequencing. Nature 452:872–876
pubmed: 18421352
doi: 10.1038/nature06884
Whipple RS (1933) The history of the microscope: compiled from original instruments and documents, up to the introduction of the achromatic microscope.
Wilkins RC, Rodrigues MA, Beaton-Green LA (2017) The application of imaging flow cytometry to high-throughput biodosimetry. Genome Integr 8:7
pubmed: 28250914
pmcid: 5320785
doi: 10.4103/2041-9414.198912
Williams BR, et al. (2008) Aneuploidy affects proliferation and spontaneous immortalization in mammalian cells. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160058
Worrall JT et al (2018) Non-random mis-segregation of human chromosomes. Cell Rep 23:3366–3380
pubmed: 29898405
pmcid: 6019738
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.047
Xie C, Tammi MT (2009) CNV-seq, a new method to detect copy number variation using high-throughput sequencing. BMC Bioinform 10:80
doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-10-80
Yanagida M, Hyman AA, Pines J (2015) Mitosis. Harbor laboratory press, Cold Spring
Yates LR et al (2015) Subclonal diversification of primary breast cancer revealed by multiregion sequencing. Nat Med 21:751–759
pubmed: 26099045
pmcid: 4500826
doi: 10.1038/nm.3886
Yoon D-S et al (2002) Variable levels of chromosomal instability and mitotic spindle checkpoint defects in breast cancer. Am J Pathol 161:391–397
pubmed: 12163363
pmcid: 1850727
doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64194-6
Zacharias H (2001) Key word: Chromosome. Chromosome Res 9:345–355
pubmed: 11448037
doi: 10.1023/A:1016764113970
Zasadil LM, Britigan EMC, Weaver BA (2013) 2n or not 2n: Aneuploidy, polyploidy and chromosomal instability in primary and tumor cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 24:370–379
pubmed: 23416057
pmcid: 3736819
doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.02.001
Zasadil LM et al (2014) Cytotoxicity of paclitaxel in breast cancer is due to chromosome missegregation on multipolar spindles. Sci Transl Med 6:229ra43
pubmed: 24670687
pmcid: 4176609
doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007965
Zasadil LM et al (2016) High rates of chromosome missegregation suppress tumor progression but do not inhibit tumor initiation. Mol Biol Cell 27:1981–1989
pubmed: 27146113
pmcid: 4927272
doi: 10.1091/mbc.E15-10-0747
Zernike F (1935) Das Phasenkontrastverfahren bei der mikroskopischen Beobachtung. Physik Zeitschr 36:848–851
Zhang C-Z et al (2015) Chromothripsis from DNA damage in micronuclei. Nature 522:179–184
pubmed: 26017310
pmcid: 4742237
doi: 10.1038/nature14493
Zhao Y et al (2019) Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the impact of chromosomal instability on glioblastoma cancer stem cells. BMC Med Genom 12:79
doi: 10.1186/s12920-019-0532-5
Zhou Y, et al. (2020) Single-cell multiomics sequencing reveals prevalent genomic alterations in tumor stromal cells of human colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2020.09.015