Acquisition and clearance dynamics of Campylobacter spp. in children in low- and middle-income countries.
Acquisition
Antibiotic effect
Campylobacter
Clearance
Markov model
Journal
Epidemics
ISSN: 1878-0067
Titre abrégé: Epidemics
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 101484711
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Mar 2024
Mar 2024
Historique:
received:
28
05
2023
revised:
08
11
2023
accepted:
06
02
2024
medline:
12
3
2024
pubmed:
17
2
2024
entrez:
17
2
2024
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The prevalence of Campylobacter infection is generally high among children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), but the dynamics of its acquisition and clearance are understudied. We aim to quantify this process among children under two years old in eight LMIC using a statistical modeling approach, leveraging enzyme-immunoassay-based Campylobacter genus data and quantitative-PCR-based Campylobacter jejuni/coli data from the MAL-ED study. We developed a Markov model to compare the dynamics of acquisition and clearance of Campylobacter across countries and to explore the effect of antibiotic usage on Campylobacter clearance. Clearance rates were generally higher than acquisition rates, but their magnitude and temporal pattern varied across countries. For C. jejuni/coli, clearance was faster than acquisition throughout the two years at all sites. For Campylobacter spp., the acquisition rate either exceeded or stayed very close to the clearance rate after the first half year in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Tanzania, leading to high prevalence. Bangladesh had the shortest (28 and 57 days) while Brazil had the longest (328 and 306 days) mean times from last clearance to acquisition for Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni/coli, respectively. South Africa had the shortest (10 and 8 days) while Tanzania had the longest (53 and 41 days) mean times to clearance for Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni/col, respectively. The use of Macrolide accelerated clearance of C. jejuni/coli in Bangladesh and Peru and of Campylobacter spp. in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Fluoroquinolone showed statistically meaningful effects only in Bangladesh but for both Campylobacter groups. Higher prevalence of Campylobacter infection was mainly driven by a high acquisition rate that was close to or surpassing the clearance rate. Acquisition rate usually peaked in 11-17 months of age, indicating the importance of targeting the first year of life for effective interventions to reduce exposures.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38367286
pii: S1755-4365(24)00010-0
doi: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100749
pmc: PMC10944168
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anti-Bacterial Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
100749Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of Competing Interest None.
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