Effects of foot orthoses on running kinetics and kinematics: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gait Ground reaction force (GRF) Insole Joint angle and moment Plantar pressure

Journal

Gait & posture
ISSN: 1879-2219
Titre abrégé: Gait Posture
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9416830

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
07 Feb 2024
Historique:
received: 13 07 2023
revised: 14 01 2024
accepted: 03 02 2024
medline: 18 2 2024
pubmed: 18 2 2024
entrez: 17 2 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Foot orthoses (FOs) are often prescribed by clinicians to treat foot and ankle conditions, prevent running injuries, and enhance performance. However, the lack of higher-order synthesis of clinical trials makes it challenging for clinicians to adopt an evidence-based approach to FOs' prescriptions. Do FOs with different modifications alter lower extremity running kinematics and kinetics? A systematic search of seven databases was conducted from inception to February 2023. The analysis was restricted to healthy adults without foot musculoskeletal impairments and studies that compared the FOs effects with the controls. The methodological quality of the 35 studies that met the eligibility criteria was evaluated using the modified Downs and Black checklist. The random effects model estimated the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals and effect sizes. Sub-group analyses based on FOs type were performed to assess the potential effects of the intervention. Our findings indicated that both custom and off-the-shelf arch-support FOs reduced peak plantar pressure at the medial heel (SMD=-0.35, and SMD=-1.03), lateral heel (SMD=-0.50, and SMD=-0.53), and medial forefoot (SMD=-0.20, and SMD=-0.27), but increased plantar pressure at the mid-foot (SMD=0.30, and SMD=0.56). Compared with the controls, significant increases (SMD=0.36) in perceived comfort were found with custom FOs. A reduction (SMD=-0.58) in initial ankle inversion was found when a raised heel cup was integrated with arch-support FOs. A medial post integrated with arch support exhibited a reduced ankle (SMD=-1.66) and tibial (SMD=-0.63) range of motion. Custom FOs, however, unfavorably affected the running economy (SMD=-0.25) and perceived exertion (SMD=0.20). Although FOs have been reported to have some positive biomechanical effects in healthy populations without musculoskeletal impairments or running-related issues, they need to be optimized and generalized to achieve better running performance and prevent injury.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Foot orthoses (FOs) are often prescribed by clinicians to treat foot and ankle conditions, prevent running injuries, and enhance performance. However, the lack of higher-order synthesis of clinical trials makes it challenging for clinicians to adopt an evidence-based approach to FOs' prescriptions.
RESEARCH QUESTION OBJECTIVE
Do FOs with different modifications alter lower extremity running kinematics and kinetics?
METHODS METHODS
A systematic search of seven databases was conducted from inception to February 2023. The analysis was restricted to healthy adults without foot musculoskeletal impairments and studies that compared the FOs effects with the controls. The methodological quality of the 35 studies that met the eligibility criteria was evaluated using the modified Downs and Black checklist. The random effects model estimated the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals and effect sizes. Sub-group analyses based on FOs type were performed to assess the potential effects of the intervention.
RESULTS RESULTS
Our findings indicated that both custom and off-the-shelf arch-support FOs reduced peak plantar pressure at the medial heel (SMD=-0.35, and SMD=-1.03), lateral heel (SMD=-0.50, and SMD=-0.53), and medial forefoot (SMD=-0.20, and SMD=-0.27), but increased plantar pressure at the mid-foot (SMD=0.30, and SMD=0.56). Compared with the controls, significant increases (SMD=0.36) in perceived comfort were found with custom FOs. A reduction (SMD=-0.58) in initial ankle inversion was found when a raised heel cup was integrated with arch-support FOs. A medial post integrated with arch support exhibited a reduced ankle (SMD=-1.66) and tibial (SMD=-0.63) range of motion. Custom FOs, however, unfavorably affected the running economy (SMD=-0.25) and perceived exertion (SMD=0.20).
SIGNIFICANCE CONCLUSIONS
Although FOs have been reported to have some positive biomechanical effects in healthy populations without musculoskeletal impairments or running-related issues, they need to be optimized and generalized to achieve better running performance and prevent injury.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.02.003 PMID: 38367456
pubmed: 38367456
pii: S0966-6362(24)00048-1
doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.02.003
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

240-258

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Auteurs

Abu Jor (A)

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Leather Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh.

Noelle W K Lau (NWK)

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.

Aliyeh Daryabor (A)

Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Mark W P Koh (MWP)

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.

Wing-Kai Lam (WK)

Sports Information and External Affairs Centre, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong, China.

Hiroaki Hobara (H)

Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.

Toshiki Kobayashi (T)

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: toshiki.kobayashi@polyu.edu.hk.

Classifications MeSH