Seroprevalence of poliovirus antibodies in Nigeria: refining strategies to sustain the eradication effort.
Nigeria
Prevalence
antibodies
disease outbreaks
immunity
immunization
polio virus vaccine
poliomyelitis
risk factors
serotype
Journal
The Pan African medical journal
ISSN: 1937-8688
Titre abrégé: Pan Afr Med J
Pays: Uganda
ID NLM: 101517926
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
received:
08
11
2022
accepted:
09
06
2023
medline:
20
2
2024
pubmed:
19
2
2024
entrez:
19
2
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
in 2016, a switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) (containing serotypes 1,2,3) to bivalent OPV (types 1,3) was implemented globally. We assessed the seroprevalence of poliovirus antibody levels in selected Nigerian states, before and after the switch, documented poliovirus type2 outbreak responses conducted and ascertained factors associated with immunity gaps based on seroprevalence rates. we conducted a secondary analysis of stored serum samples from the 2018 Nigeria National HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey. Serum from 1,185 children aged 0-119 months residing in one southern and four northern states were tested for serotype-specific PV neutralizing antibodies; seropositivity was a reciprocal titer ≥8. We conducted regression analysis to determine sociodemographic risk factors associated with low seroprevalence using SAS 9.4. children aged 24-119 months (pre-switch cohort) had seroprevalence against PV1, PV2, and PV3, of 97.3% (95% CI:96.4-98.2), 93.8% (95% CI:92.2-95.5), and 91.3% (95% CI:89.2-93.4), while children aged <24 months (post-switch) had seroprevalence of 86.0% (95% CI:81.2-90.8), 55.6% (95% CI: 47.7-63.4), and 77.2% (95% CI:71.0-83.4) respectively. Regression analysis showed age <24 months was associated with lower seroprevalence against all PV serotypes, (p<0.0001); females had lower seroprevalence against PV1 (p=0.0184) and PV2 (p=0.0354); northern states lower seroprevalence against PV1 (p=0.0039), while well-water source lower seroprevalence against PV3 (p=0.0288). this study showed high seroprevalence rates against PV 1, 2, and 3 in pre-switch children (aged 24-119 months). However, post-switch children (<24 months) had low immunity against PV2 despite outbreak responses. Strategies to increase routine immunization coverage and high-quality polio campaigns can increase immunity against polio virus.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38370104
doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2023.45.2.38098
pii: PAMJ-45-2
pmc: PMC10874096
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Viral
0
Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
0
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2Subventions
Organisme : World Health Organization
ID : 001
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
©Omotayo Bolu et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare no competing interests.
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