vSPACE: Exploring Virtual Spatial Representation of Articular Chondrocytes at the Single-Cell Level.

Single cell RNA sequencing technology has been dramatically changing how gene expression studies are performed. However, its use has been limited to identifying subtypes of cells by comparing cells' gene expression levels in an unbiased manner to produce a 2D plot (e.g., UMAP/tSNE). We developed a new method of placing cells in 2D space. This system, called vSPACE, shows a virtual spatial representation of scRNAseq data obtained from human articular cartilage by emulating the concept of spatial transcriptomics technology, but virtually. This virtual 2D plot presentation of human articular cartage cells generates several zonal distribution patterns, in one or multiple genes at a time, reveling patterns that scientists can appreciate as imputed spatial distribution patterns along the zonal axis. The discovered patterns are explainable and remarkably consistent across all six healthy doners despite their respectively different clinical variables (age and sex), suggesting the confidence of the discovered patterns.