Out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditure and its determinants among Iranian households with elderly members: a double-hurdle model.

Aged Economics Health expenditures Iran Pharmaceutical Socioeconomic factors

Journal

Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E
ISSN: 1478-7547
Titre abrégé: Cost Eff Resour Alloc
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101170476

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
19 Feb 2024
Historique:
received: 27 05 2023
accepted: 30 01 2024
medline: 20 2 2024
pubmed: 20 2 2024
entrez: 19 2 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

The population of older adults continues to grow in Iran, with pharmaceutical costs as a leading driver of household health-related costs. The present study was conducted to estimate the out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditure and its socioeconomic predictors among households with the elderly in Iran. This study is a secondary analysis using 2019 national household expenditure and income survey data in Iran. The sample size was 9381 households with at least one member older than 65. The double-hurdle model in STATA 16 was used to examine the association between independent variables and households' out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditures. The mean out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditures for each household with elderly member was $8065 per year. There was a positive association between the (female) gender of the household head, urban residence, employment status, insurance expenditure and a higher level of education of the head of the household with the out-of-pocket pharmaceutical expenditures (P < 0.05). The income of elderly households did not affect these expenditures (P > 0.05). This study showed that the socioeconomic characteristics of elderly families not only influenced their decision to enter the medicine market, but also the rate of medicine purchase. It is helpful to manage and control the pharmaceutical costs among the elderly.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38373969
doi: 10.1186/s12962-024-00521-8
pii: 10.1186/s12962-024-00521-8
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

15

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

Mehran Faraji (M)

Department of Health Economics, School of Management and Medical Information, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Tahereh Sharifi (T)

Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.

Saeed Mohammad-Pour (S)

Department of Health Economics, School of Management and Medical Information, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Javad Javan-Noughabi (J)

Department of Health Economics and Management Sciences, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. javadjavan.n@gmail.com.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. javadjavan.n@gmail.com.

Ali Aboutorabi (A)

Department of Health Economics, School of Management and Medical Information, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Shaghayegh Yousefi (S)

Kenneth Levene Graduate School of Business, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.

Mihajlo Jakovljevic (M)

UNESCO-TWAS, Trieste, 34100, Italy.
Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723099, China.
Department of Global Health Economics and Policy, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.

Classifications MeSH