Death in the high mountains: Evidence of interpersonal violence during Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age at Roc de les Orenetes (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain).

Pyrenees lithic projectile metal weapons paleopathology perimortem trauma

Journal

American journal of biological anthropology
ISSN: 2692-7691
Titre abrégé: Am J Biol Anthropol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101770171

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
28 Feb 2024
Historique:
revised: 10 01 2024
received: 19 04 2023
accepted: 22 01 2024
medline: 28 2 2024
pubmed: 28 2 2024
entrez: 28 2 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

To test a hypothesis on interpersonal violence events during the transition between Chalcolithic and Bronze Age in the Eastern Pyrenees, to contextualize it in Western Europe during that period, and to assess if these marks can be differentiated from secondary funerary treatment. Metric and non-metric methods were used to estimate the age-at-death and sex of the skeletal remains. Perimortem injuries were observed and analyzed with stereomicroscopy and confocal microscopy. Among the minimum of 51 individuals documented, at least six people showed evidence of perimortem trauma. All age groups and both sexes are represented in the skeletal sample, but those with violent injuries are predominantly males. Twenty-six bones had 49 injuries, 48 of which involved sharp force trauma on postcranial elements, and one example of blunt force trauma on a cranium. The wounds were mostly located on the upper extremities and ribs, anterior and posterior. Several antemortem lesions were also documented in the assemblage. The perimortem lesions, together with direct dating, suggest that more than one episode of interpersonal violence took place between the Late Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Age in northeastern Spain. The features of the sharp force trauma indicate that different weapons were used, including sharp metal objects and lithic projectiles. The Roc de les Orenetes assemblage represents a scenario of recurrent lethal confrontation in a high mountain geographic context, representing the evidence of inferred interpersonal violence located at the highest altitude settings in the Pyrenees, at 1836 meters above sea level. Estudiar nuevas evidencias de violencia interpersonal durante la transición entre el Calcolítico y la Edad del Bronce en los Pirineos Orientales, contextualizarlas en la Europa occidental durante ese periodo, y diferenciar estas marcas del tratamiento funerario secundario. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se han utilizado métodos métricos y no métricos para estimar la edad de muerte y sexo de los restos esqueléticos. Las heridas perimortem fueron observadas y analizadas con estereomicroscopio y microscopio confocal. Entre el mínimo de 51 individuos documentados en el yacimiento, al menos seis individuos mostraron evidencias de traumas perimortem. Todos los grupos de edad y ambos sexos están representados en el enterramiento, pero aquellos con heridas violentas son mayoritariamente masculinos. Veintiséis huesos tenían un total de 49 lesiones, 48 de ellos traumatismos cortantes en elementos postcraneales, y un traumatismo contundente en un cráneo. Las heridas estaban mayoritariamente localizadas en las extremidades superiores y costillas, tanto anterior como posterior. Varias lesiones antemortem fueron también documentadas en el conjunto. DISCUSIÓN: Las lesiones perimortem, junto a las dataciones directas, sugieren que se produjo más de un episodio de violencia interpersonal entre el Calcolítico Final y la Edad del Bronce Antiguo en el noreste de España. Las características de los traumatismos cortantes indican que se utilizaron diferentes armas, incluyendo objetos cortantes de metal y proyectiles líticos. El conjunto de Roc de les Orenetes representa un escenario de confrontaciones letales recurrentes en un contexto geográfico de alta montaña, representando la evidencia de violencia interpersonal localizada a mayor altitud de los Pirineos, a 1836 metros sobre el nivel del mar.

Autres résumés

Type: Publisher (spa)
Estudiar nuevas evidencias de violencia interpersonal durante la transición entre el Calcolítico y la Edad del Bronce en los Pirineos Orientales, contextualizarlas en la Europa occidental durante ese periodo, y diferenciar estas marcas del tratamiento funerario secundario. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se han utilizado métodos métricos y no métricos para estimar la edad de muerte y sexo de los restos esqueléticos. Las heridas perimortem fueron observadas y analizadas con estereomicroscopio y microscopio confocal.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38415956
doi: 10.1002/ajpa.24909
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e24909

Subventions

Organisme : Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
ID : 2021-SGR-01237
Organisme : Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
ID : 2021-SGR-01239
Organisme : Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
ID : CLT009/22/000042
Organisme : Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
ID : 2022FI_B200071
Organisme : Universitat Rovira i Virgili
ID : 2022PFR-URV-64
Organisme : Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional
ID : FPU18-02291
Organisme : Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
ID : PID2021-122355NB-C32
Organisme : Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
ID : CEX2019-000945-M
Organisme : Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
ID : RYC2020-029404-I
Organisme : Fundación Atapuerca
Organisme : Generalitat Valenciana-FSE
ID : CIAPOS/2022/022

Informations de copyright

© 2024 The Authors. American Journal of Biological Anthropology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Auteurs

Miguel Ángel Moreno-Ibáñez (MÁ)

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), Tarragona, Spain.
Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.

Palmira Saladié (P)

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), Tarragona, Spain.
Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Departamento de Paleobiología, Unit associated to CSIC, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain.

Iván Ramírez-Pedraza (I)

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), Tarragona, Spain.
Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.

Celia Díez-Canseco (C)

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), Tarragona, Spain.
Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.

Juan Luis Fernández-Marchena (JL)

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), Tarragona, Spain.
Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antigua, Universitat de València, València, Spain.

Eni Soriano (E)

Departament of Prehistory, Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres, Edifici B, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.

Eudald Carbonell (E)

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), Tarragona, Spain.
Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.

Carlos Tornero (C)

Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), Tarragona, Spain.
Departament of Prehistory, Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres, Edifici B, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.

Classifications MeSH