Linear enamel hypoplasia in Homo naledi reappraised in light of new Retzius periodicities.
Middle Pleistocene
Rising Star
developmental stress
ontogeny
seasonality
Journal
American journal of biological anthropology
ISSN: 2692-7691
Titre abrégé: Am J Biol Anthropol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101770171
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 Mar 2024
04 Mar 2024
Historique:
revised:
07
02
2024
received:
14
08
2023
accepted:
14
02
2024
medline:
4
3
2024
pubmed:
4
3
2024
entrez:
4
3
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Among low-latitude apes, developmental defects of enamel often recur twice yearly, linkable to environmental cycles. Surprisingly, teeth of Homo naledi from Rising Star in South Africa (241-335 kya), a higher latitude site with today a single rainy season, also exhibit bimodally distributed hypoplastic enamel defects, but with uncertain timing and etiology. Newly determined Retzius periodicities for enamel formation in this taxon enable a reconstruction of the temporal patterning of childhood stress. Using high resolution casts of 31 isolated anterior teeth from H. naledi, 82 enamel defects (linear enamel hypoplasia [LEH]) were identified. Seventeen teeth are assigned to three individuals. Perikymata in the occlusal wall of enamel furrows and between the onsets of successive LEH were visualized with scanning electron microscopy and counted. Defects were measured with an optical scanner. Conversion of perikymata counts to estimates of LEH duration and inter-LEH interval draws upon Retzius periodicities of 9 and 11 days. Anterior teeth record more than a year of developmental distress, expressed as two asymmetric intervals centered on 4.5 and 7.5 months bounded by three LEH. Durations, also, show bimodal distributions, lasting 3 or 12 weeks. Short duration LEH are more severe than long duration. Relative incisor/canine rates of formation are indistinguishable from modern humans. We invoke a disease and dearth model, with short episodes of distress reflecting onset of disease in young infants, lasting about 3 weeks, followed by a season of undernutrition, possibly intensified by secondary plant compounds, spanning about 12 weeks, inferably coincident with austral winter.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e24927Subventions
Organisme : Connor Family Faculty Foundation
Organisme : Wenner-Gren Foundation
Organisme : Royal Society
ID : RG110435
Organisme : The Leverhulme Trust
ID : RPG-2018-226
Organisme : Evolutionary Studies Institute at the University of Witwatersrand
Organisme : European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme
ID : 819960
Organisme : Office of Research and Development at the University of Arkansas
Informations de copyright
© 2024 The Authors. American Journal of Biological Anthropology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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