MOG Antibodies Restricted to CSF in Children With Inflammatory CNS Disorders.

Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
09 Apr 2024
Historique:
medline: 6 3 2024
pubmed: 6 3 2024
entrez: 6 3 2024
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

To assess the clinical significance of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-abs) restricted to CSF in children with inflammatory CNS disorders. Patients included 760 children (younger than 18 years) from 3 multicenter prospective cohort studies: (A) acquired demyelinating syndromes, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM); (B) non-ADEM encephalitis; and (C) noninflammatory neurologic disorders. For all cases, paired serum/CSF samples were systematically examined using brain immunohistochemistry and live cell-based assays. A total of 109 patients (14%) had MOG-abs in serum or CSF: 79 from cohort A, 30 from B, and none from C. Of these, 63 (58%) had antibodies in both samples, 37 (34%) only in serum, and 9 (8%) only in CSF. Children with MOG-abs only in CSF were older than those with MOG-abs only in serum or in both samples (median 12 vs 6 vs 5 years, Detection of MOG-abs in serum or CSF is associated with CNS inflammatory disorders. Children with MOG-abs restricted to CSF are more likely to have CSF oligoclonal bands and multiple sclerosis than those with MOG-abs detectable in serum.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209199 PMID: 38447115
pubmed: 38447115
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209199
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e209199

Auteurs

Gemma Olivé-Cirera (G)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0880-4260

Arlette L Bruijstens (AL)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7990-5894

Elianet G Fonseca (EG)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3613-3185

Li-Wen Chen (LW)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4013-8333

Eva Caballero (E)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0344-0584

Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez (E)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8317-7068

Mar Guasp (M)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0110-5213

Maria Sepúlveda (M)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3078-645X

Laura Naranjo (L)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9295-1468

Raquel Ruiz-García (R)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8403-3613

Yolanda Blanco (Y)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1834-0498

Albert Saiz (A)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5793-8791

Josep O Dalmau (JO)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5856-2813

Thaís Armangue (T)

From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6192-6171
From the Neuroimmunology Program (G.O.-C., A.L.B., E.G.F., L.-W.C., E.C., E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., R.R.G., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D., T.A.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Pediatric Neurology Department (G.O.-C.), Hospital Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.L.B.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (L.-W.C.), National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Neurology Department (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., A.S., J.O.D.), Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (E.M.-H., M.G., M.P., Y.B., J.O.D.), Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Department of Immunology (L.N., R.R.G.), Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.O.D.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.O.D.); and Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, ERN-RITA accredited center, University of Barcelona, Spain.

Classifications MeSH