Origin and dispersal of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Haarlem genotype: Clues from its phylogeographic landscape and human migration.
Austria-Hungary state
Euro-American lineage
Haarlem genotype
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Phylogeography
VNTR
Journal
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution
ISSN: 1095-9513
Titre abrégé: Mol Phylogenet Evol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9304400
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 Mar 2024
04 Mar 2024
Historique:
received:
11
07
2023
revised:
04
01
2024
accepted:
27
02
2024
medline:
7
3
2024
pubmed:
7
3
2024
entrez:
6
3
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
The Haarlem family belongs to the Euro-American phylogenetic lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the globally spread genotypes of this important human pathogen. In spite of the sporadic observations on drug resistance and peculiar virulence profile, Haarlem remains in the shade of other M. tuberculosis genotypes. I analyzed genotyping data of the Haarlem genotype in light of its pathogenic properties and relevant human migration, to gain insight into its origin, evolutionary history, and current spread. Central Europe is marked with a very high prevalence of both major Haarlem subclades ancestral H3/SIT50 and derived H1, jointly making 33-41 % in Czechia, Austria, and Hungary. There is a declining gradient of Haarlem beyond central Europe with 10-18 % in Italy, France, Belgium, 10-13 % in the Balkan countries and Turkey. Placing the available genetic diversity and ancient DNA data within the historical context, I hypothesize that M. tuberculosis Haarlem genotype likely originated in Central Europe and its primary long-term circulation occurred within the area of the former Austria/Austria-Hungary Empire in the 14th-19th centuries. The genotype is not highly transmissible and its spread was driven by long-term human migration. The European colonial expansion (when accompanied by a sufficient volume of migration) was a vehicle of its secondary dissemination. I conclude that human migration and its lack thereof (but not strain pathobiology) was a major driving force that shaped the population structure of this global lineage of M. tuberculosis. At the same time, Haarlem strains appear over-represented in some ethnic groups which warrants in-depth experimental research.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38447923
pii: S1055-7903(24)00037-X
doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108045
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
108045Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.