Type 1 diabetes: A new vision of the disease based on endotypes.
endotypes
immunotherapy
type 1 diabetes
Journal
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
ISSN: 1520-7560
Titre abrégé: Diabetes Metab Res Rev
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100883450
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2024
Feb 2024
Historique:
revised:
02
01
2024
received:
12
07
2023
accepted:
22
01
2024
medline:
7
3
2024
pubmed:
7
3
2024
entrez:
7
3
2024
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have remained largely unchanged for the last several years. The management of the disease remains primarily focused on its phenotypical presentation and less on endotypes, namely the specific biological mechanisms behind the development of the disease. Furthermore, the treatment of T1D is essentially universal and indiscriminate-with patients administering insulin at varying dosages and frequencies to maintain adequate glycaemic control. However, it is now well understood that T1D is a heterogeneous disease with many different biological mechanisms (i.e. endotypes) behind its complex pathophysiology. A range of factors, including age of onset, immune system regulation, rate of β-cell destruction, autoantibodies, body weight, genetics and the exposome are recognised to play a role in the development of the condition. Patients can be classified into distinct diabetic subtypes based on these factors, which can be used to categorise patients into specific endotypes. The classification of patients into endotypes allows for a greater understanding of the natural progression of the disease, giving rise to more accurate and patient-centred therapies and follow-up monitoring, specifically for other autoimmune diseases. This review proposes 6 unique endotypes of T1D based on the current literature. The recognition of these endotypes could then be used to direct therapeutic modalities based on patients' individual pathophysiology.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e3770Informations de copyright
© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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