Inhaled corticosteroids and

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, ICS are associated with an increased risk of adverse effects.We aimed to determine whether an association between a lower respiratory tract culture with An observational cohort study of outpatients with COPD in Denmark between 2010 and 2018.ICS exposure was categorised into four groups based on average daily consumption 1 year prior to inclusion: no use, low ICS dose (≤400 µg), moderate ICS dose (400-800 µg) and high ICS dose (>800 µg). Dose-response relationship was investigated by a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Of the total 22 689 patients, 459 had lower respiratory tract cultures positive for We found that ICS was associated with a high, dose-dependent increased hazard of

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Competing interests: Outside the submitted work, RBD has been on an advisory board for Pfizer. CSU has received grants from Sanofi, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca and Novartis; consulting fees from Chiesi, Orion Pharma, AstraZeneca, GSK and TEVA; speaker fees from Orion Pharma, AstraZeneca and TEVA; and been on advisory boards for Novartis, Sanofi, Glaxo-Smith Kline, Chiesi, AstraZeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim.