Clearance of persistent SARS-CoV-2 associates with increased neutralizing antibodies in advanced HIV disease post-ART initiation.


Journal

Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Titre abrégé: Nat Commun
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101528555

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
15 Mar 2024
Historique:
received: 10 08 2023
accepted: 27 02 2024
medline: 18 3 2024
pubmed: 16 3 2024
entrez: 16 3 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

SARS-CoV-2 clearance requires adaptive immunity but the contribution of neutralizing antibodies and T cells in different immune states is unclear. Here we ask which adaptive immune responses associate with clearance of long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-mediated immunosuppression after suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. We assembled a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected people in South Africa (n = 994) including participants with advanced HIV disease characterized by immunosuppression due to T cell depletion. Fifty-four percent of participants with advanced HIV disease had prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection (>1 month). In the five vaccinated participants with advanced HIV disease tested, SARS-CoV-2 clearance associates with emergence of neutralizing antibodies but not SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T cells, while CD4 T cell responses were not determined due to low cell numbers. Further, complete HIV suppression is not required for clearance, although it is necessary for an effective vaccine response. Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection led to SARS-CoV-2 evolution, including virus with extensive neutralization escape in a Delta variant infected participant. The results provide evidence that neutralizing antibodies are required for SARS-CoV-2 clearance in HIV-mediated immunosuppression recovery, and that suppressive ART is necessary to curtail evolution of co-infecting pathogens to reduce individual health consequences as well as public health risk linked with generation of escape mutants.

Identifiants

pubmed: 38491050
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46673-2
pii: 10.1038/s41467-024-46673-2
pmc: PMC10943233
doi:

Substances chimiques

Antibodies, Neutralizing 0
Antibodies, Viral 0

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

2360

Subventions

Organisme : Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
ID : INV-018944
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

Farina Karim (F)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Catherine Riou (C)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.
Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.

Mallory Bernstein (M)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.

Zesuliwe Jule (Z)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.

Gila Lustig (G)

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.

Strauss van Graan (S)

SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Roanne S Keeton (RS)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.

Janine-Lee Upton (JL)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.

Yashica Ganga (Y)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.

Khadija Khan (K)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Kajal Reedoy (K)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.

Matilda Mazibuko (M)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.

Katya Govender (K)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.

Kershnee Thambu (K)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.

Nokuthula Ngcobo (N)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.

Elizabeth Venter (E)

SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Zanele Makhado (Z)

SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Willem Hanekom (W)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.

Anne von Gottberg (A)

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Monjurul Hoque (M)

KwaDabeka Community Health Centre, KwaDabeka, South Africa.

Quarraisha Abdool Karim (QA)

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Salim S Abdool Karim (SS)

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Nithendra Manickchund (N)

Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Nombulelo Magula (N)

Department of Internal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Bernadett I Gosnell (BI)

Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Richard J Lessells (RJ)

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Durban, South Africa.

Penny L Moore (PL)

SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Wendy A Burgers (WA)

Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.
Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.

Tulio de Oliveira (T)

Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Durban, South Africa.
Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Mahomed-Yunus S Moosa (MS)

Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Alex Sigal (A)

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa. alex.sigal@ahri.org.
School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. alex.sigal@ahri.org.
Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa. alex.sigal@ahri.org.

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