Deciphering cellular and molecular mechanism of MUC13 mucin involved in cancer cell plasticity and drug resistance.
Cancer cell plasticity
Cancer stem cell
Drug resistance
EMT
MUC13
Metastasis
Mucin
Journal
Cancer metastasis reviews
ISSN: 1573-7233
Titre abrégé: Cancer Metastasis Rev
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8605731
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
18 Mar 2024
18 Mar 2024
Historique:
received:
30
09
2023
accepted:
26
02
2024
medline:
18
3
2024
pubmed:
18
3
2024
entrez:
18
3
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
There has been a surge of interest in recent years in understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying cancer progression and treatment resistance. One molecule that has recently emerged in these mechanisms is MUC13 mucin, a transmembrane glycoprotein. Researchers have begun to unravel the molecular complexity of MUC13 and its impact on cancer biology. Studies have shown that MUC13 overexpression can disrupt normal cellular polarity, leading to the acquisition of malignant traits. Furthermore, MUC13 has been associated with increased cancer plasticity, allowing cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasize. Notably, MUC13 has also been implicated in the development of chemoresistance, rendering cancer cells less responsive to traditional treatment options. Understanding the precise role of MUC13 in cellular plasticity, and chemoresistance could pave the way for the development of targeted therapies to combat cancer progression and enhance treatment efficacy.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38498072
doi: 10.1007/s10555-024-10177-8
pii: 10.1007/s10555-024-10177-8
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : R01 CA210192
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : R01 CA210192
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71, 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
doi: 10.3322/caac.21660
pubmed: 33538338
Urruticoechea, A., Alemany, R., Balart, J., Villanueva, A., Viñals, F., & Capellá, G. (2010). Recent advances in cancer therapy: An overview. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 16, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161210789941847
doi: 10.2174/138161210789941847
pubmed: 20214614
Baskar, R., Lee, K. A., Yeo, R., & Yeoh, K. W. (2012). Cancer and radiation therapy: Current advances and future directions. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 193–199. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.3635
doi: 10.7150/ijms.3635
pubmed: 22408567
pmcid: 3298009
Wang, X., Zhang, H., & Chen, X. (2019). Drug resistance and combating drug resistance in cancer. Cancer Drug Resist, 2, 141–160. https://doi.org/10.20517/cdr.2019.10
doi: 10.20517/cdr.2019.10
pubmed: 34322663
pmcid: 8315569
Longley, D. B., & Johnston, P. G. (2005). Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. The Journal of Pathology, 205, 275–292. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1706
doi: 10.1002/path.1706
pubmed: 15641020
Smith, L., Watson, M. B., O’Kane, S. L., Drew, P. J., Lind, M. J., & Cawkwell, L. (2006). The analysis of doxorubicin resistance in human breast cancer cells using antibody microarrays. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 5, 2115–2120. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.Mct-06-0190
doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.Mct-06-0190
pubmed: 16928833
Harris, L. N., Broadwater, G., Lin, N. U., Miron, A., Schnitt, S. J., Cowan, D., Lara, J., Bleiweiss, I., Berry, D., Ellis, M., et al. (2006). Molecular subtypes of breast cancer in relation to paclitaxel response and outcomes in women with metastatic disease: Results from CALGB 9342. Breast Cancer Research, 8, R66. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr1622
doi: 10.1186/bcr1622
pubmed: 17129383
pmcid: 1797029
Murray, S., Briasoulis, E., Linardou, H., Bafaloukos, D., & Papadimitriou, C. (2012). Taxane resistance in breast cancer: Mechanisms, predictive biomarkers and circumvention strategies. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 38, 890–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.02.011
doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.02.011
pubmed: 22465195
Szakács, G., Paterson, J. K., Ludwig, J. A., Booth-Genthe, C., & Gottesman, M. M. (2006). Targeting multidrug resistance in cancer. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 5, 219–234. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1984
doi: 10.1038/nrd1984
pubmed: 16518375
Vulsteke, C., Pfeil, A. M., Schwenkglenks, M., Pettengell, R., Szucs, T. D., Lambrechts, D., Peeters, M., van Dam, P., Dieudonné, A. S., Hatse, S., et al. (2014). Impact of genetic variability and treatment-related factors on outcome in early breast cancer patients receiving (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, and docetaxel. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 147, 557–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-3105-5
doi: 10.1007/s10549-014-3105-5
pubmed: 25168315
Porkka, K., Blomqvist, C., Rissanen, P., Elomaa, I., & Pyrhönen, S. (1994). Salvage therapies in women who fail to respond to first-line treatment with fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide for advanced breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12, 1639–1647. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.1994.12.8.1639
doi: 10.1200/jco.1994.12.8.1639
pubmed: 8040676
Sládek, N. E., Kollander, R., Sreerama, L., & Kiang, D. T. (2002). Cellular levels of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1) as predictors of therapeutic responses to cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy of breast cancer: A retrospective study. Rational individualization of oxazaphosphorine-based cancer chemotherapeutic regimens. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 49, 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-001-0412-4
doi: 10.1007/s00280-001-0412-4
pubmed: 11914911
Galluzzi, L., Vitale, I., Michels, J., Brenner, C., Szabadkai, G., Harel-Bellan, A., Castedo, M., & Kroemer, G. (2014). Systems biology of cisplatin resistance: past, present and future. Cell Death Dis, 5, e1257. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2013.428
doi: 10.1038/cddis.2013.428
pubmed: 24874729
pmcid: 4047912
Mansoori, B., Mohammadi, A., Davudian, S., Shirjang, S., & Baradaran, B. (2017). The different mechanisms of cancer drug resistance: A brief review. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 7, 339–348. https://doi.org/10.15171/apb.2017.041
doi: 10.15171/apb.2017.041
pubmed: 29071215
pmcid: 5651054
Chang, J. C. (2016). Cancer stem cells: Role in tumor growth, recurrence, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Medicine (Baltimore), 95, S20-s25. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000004766
doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000004766
pubmed: 27611935
Chen, K., Huang, Y. H., & Chen, J. L. (2013). Understanding and targeting cancer stem cells: Therapeutic implications and challenges. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 34, 732–740. https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2013.27
doi: 10.1038/aps.2013.27
pubmed: 23685952
pmcid: 3674516
Prasad, S., Ramachandran, S., Gupta, N., Kaushik, I., & Srivastava, S. K. (2020). Cancer cells stemness: A doorstep to targeted therapy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Molecular Basis of Disease, 1866, 165424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.019
doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.019
pubmed: 30818002
Furth, J., Kahn, M. C., & Breedis, C. (1937). The transmission of leukemia of mice with a single cell. The American Journal of Cancer, 31, 276–282.
Dick, J. E. (2008). Stem cell concepts renew cancer research. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, 112, 4793–4807.
Visvader, J. E., & Lindeman, G. J. (2008). Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: Accumulating evidence and unresolved questions. Nature Reviews Cancer, 8, 755–768.
doi: 10.1038/nrc2499
pubmed: 18784658
Iwata, M. (1968). Study of serum lipids in infants. 1. Serum lipids in healthy infants. Nihon Shonika Gakkai Zasshi Acta Paediatrica Japonica, 72, 1075–1081.
pubmed: 5751177
Phi, L.T.H., Sari, I.N., Yang, Y.-G., Lee, S.-H., Jun, N., Kim, K.S., Lee, Y.K., Kwon, H.Y. (2018). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in drug resistance and their therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. Stem Cells International, 2018, 5416923. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5416923
Shervington, A., & Lu, C. (2008). Expression of multidrug resistance genes in normal and cancer stem cells. Cancer Investigation, 26, 535–542.
doi: 10.1080/07357900801904140
pubmed: 18568776
Vinogradov, S., & Wei, X. (2012). Cancer stem cells and drug resistance: The potential of nanomedicine. Nanomedicine, 7, 597–615.
doi: 10.2217/nnm.12.22
pubmed: 22471722
Rachagani, S., Torres, M. P., Moniaux, N., & Batra, S. K. (2009). Current status of mucins in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. BioFactors, 35, 509–527. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.64
doi: 10.1002/biof.64
pubmed: 19904814
pmcid: 2846533
Reynolds, I. S., Fichtner, M., McNamara, D. A., Kay, E. W., Prehn, J. H. M., & Burke, J. P. (2019). Mucin glycoproteins block apoptosis; promote invasion, proliferation, and migration; and cause chemoresistance through diverse pathways in epithelial cancers. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 38, 237–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09781-w
doi: 10.1007/s10555-019-09781-w
pubmed: 30680581
Dhanisha, S. S., Guruvayoorappan, C., Drishya, S., & Abeesh, P. (2018). Mucins: Structural diversity, biosynthesis, its role in pathogenesis and as possible therapeutic targets. Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology, 122, 98–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.12.006
doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.12.006
pubmed: 29458795
Brockhausen, I. (2003). Glycodynamics of mucin biosynthesis in gastrointestinal tumor cells. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 535, 163–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0065-0_11
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0065-0_11
pubmed: 14714895
Yonezawa, S., Higashi, M., Yamada, N., Yokoyama, S., Kitamoto, S., Kitajima, S., & Goto, M. (2011). Mucins in human neoplasms: Clinical pathology, gene expression and diagnostic application. Pathology International, 61, 697–716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02734.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02734.x
pubmed: 22126377
Nath, S., & Mukherjee, P. (2014). MUC1: A multifaceted oncoprotein with a key role in cancer progression. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 20, 332–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2014.02.007
doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.02.007
pubmed: 24667139
pmcid: 5500204
Moniaux, N., Escande, F., Porchet, N., Aubert, J. P., & Batra, S. K. (2001). Structural organization and classification of the human mucin genes. Frontiers in Bioscience, 6, D1192-1206. https://doi.org/10.2741/moniaux
doi: 10.2741/moniaux
pubmed: 11578969
van Putten, J. P. M., & Strijbis, K. (2017). Transmembrane mucins: Signaling receptors at the intersection of inflammation and cancer. Journal of Innate Immunity, 9, 281–299. https://doi.org/10.1159/000453594
doi: 10.1159/000453594
pubmed: 28052300
pmcid: 5516414
Chauhan, S. C., Singh, A. P., Ruiz, F., Johansson, S. L., Jain, M., Smith, L. M., Moniaux, N., & Batra, S. K. (2006). Aberrant expression of MUC4 in ovarian carcinoma: Diagnostic significance alone and in combination with MUC1 and MUC16 (CA125). Modern Pathology, 19, 1386–1394. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.3800646
doi: 10.1038/modpathol.3800646
pubmed: 16880776
Hollingsworth, M. A., & Swanson, B. J. (2004). Mucins in cancer: Protection and control of the cell surface. Nature Reviews Cancer, 4, 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1251
doi: 10.1038/nrc1251
pubmed: 14681689
Andrianifahanana, M., Moniaux, N., Schmied, B. M., Ringel, J., Friess, H., Hollingsworth, M. A., Büchler, M. W., Aubert, J. P., & Batra, S. K. (2001). Mucin (MUC) gene expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis: A potential role of MUC4 as a tumor marker of diagnostic significance. Clinical Cancer Research, 7, 4033–4040.
pubmed: 11751498
Balagué, C., Audié, J. P., Porchet, N., & Real, F. X. (1995). In situ hybridization shows distinct patterns of mucin gene expression in normal, benign, and malignant pancreas tissues. Gastroenterology, 109, 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)90406-9
doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90406-9
pubmed: 7657125
Dong, Y., Walsh, M. D., Cummings, M. C., Wright, R. G., Khoo, S. K., Parsons, P. G., & McGuckin, M. A. (1997). Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 mucins in epithelial ovarian tumours. The Journal of Pathology, 183, 311–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199711)183:3%3c311::Aid-path917%3e3.0.Co;2-2
doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199711)183:3<311::Aid-path917>3.0.Co;2-2
pubmed: 9422987
Giuntoli, R. L., Rodriguez, G. C., Whitaker, R. S., Dodge, R., & Voynow, J. A. (1998). Mucin gene expression in ovarian cancers. Cancer Research, 58, 5546–5550.
pubmed: 9850092
Maher, D. M., Gupta, B. K., Nagata, S., Jaggi, M., & Chauhan, S. C. (2011). Mucin 13: Structure, function, and potential roles in cancer pathogenesis. Molecular Cancer Research, 9, 531–537. https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.Mcr-10-0443
doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.Mcr-10-0443
pubmed: 21450906
Jonckheere, N., Skrypek, N., & Van Seuningen, I. (2014). Mucins and tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1846, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.008
doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.008
pubmed: 24785432
Lee, D.H., Choi, S., Park, Y., Jin, H.S. (2021). Mucin1 and Mucin16: Therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14101053 .
Ponnusamy, M. P., Seshacharyulu, P., Lakshmanan, I., Vaz, A. P., Chugh, S., & Batra, S. K. (2013). Emerging role of mucins in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Current Cancer Drug Targets, 13, 945–956. https://doi.org/10.2174/15680096113136660100
doi: 10.2174/15680096113136660100
pubmed: 24168188
pmcid: 3924542
Marimuthu, S., Rauth, S., Ganguly, K., Zhang, C., Lakshmanan, I., Batra, S. K., & Ponnusamy, M. P. (2021). Mucins reprogram stemness, metabolism and promote chemoresistance during cancer progression. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 40, 575–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-021-09959-1
doi: 10.1007/s10555-021-09959-1
pubmed: 33813658
Gendler, S. J., & Spicer, A. P. (1995). Epithelial mucin genes. Annual Review of Physiology, 57, 607–634. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.003135
doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.003135
pubmed: 7778880
Thornton, D. J., Rousseau, K., & McGuckin, M. A. (2008). Structure and function of the polymeric mucins in airways mucus. Annual Review of Physiology, 70, 459–486. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100702
doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100702
pubmed: 17850213
Desseyn, J.-L., Gouyer, V., Tetaert, T. (2008). Architecture of the gel-forming mucins. The Epithelial Mucins: Structure/Function. Roles in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases, Isabelle Van Seuningen/Research Signpost, 1–16, 978-81-308-0256-5. ⟨hal-02340996⟩.
Hattrup, C. L., & Gendler, S. J. (2008). Structure and function of the cell surface (tethered) mucins. Annual Review of Physiology, 70, 431–457. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100659
doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100659
pubmed: 17850209
Jonckheere, N., Skrypek, N., Frénois, F., & Van Seuningen, I. (2013). Membrane-bound mucin modular domains: From structure to function. Biochimie, 95, 1077–1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2012.11.005
doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.11.005
pubmed: 23178705
Jonckheere, N., & Van Seuningen, I. (2008). The membrane-bound mucins: How large O-glycoproteins play key roles in epithelial cancers and hold promise as biological tools for gene-based and immunotherapies. Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis, 14, 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevoncog.v14.i2-3.30
doi: 10.1615/critrevoncog.v14.i2-3.30
pubmed: 19409062
Segui-Perez, C., Stapels, D.A.C., Ma, Z., Su, J., Passchier, E., Westendorp, B., Wu, W., Putten, J.P.M.V., Strijbis, K. (2022). MUC13 negatively regulates tight junction proteins and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity via Protein Kinase C. bioRxiv,. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.27.51398
Williams, S. J., Wreschner, D. H., Tran, M., Eyre, H. J., Sutherland, G. R., & McGuckin, M. A. (2001). Muc13, a novel human cell surface mucin expressed by epithelial and hemopoietic cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 18327–18336. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M008850200
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M008850200
pubmed: 11278439
Chauhan, S. C., Ebeling, M. C., Maher, D. M., Koch, M. D., Watanabe, A., Aburatani, H., Lio, Y., & Jaggi, M. (2012). MUC13 mucin augments pancreatic tumorigenesis. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 11, 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.Mct-11-0598
doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.Mct-11-0598
pubmed: 22027689
Chauhan, S. C., Kumar, D., & Jaggi, M. (2009). Mucins in ovarian cancer diagnosis and therapy. Journal of Ovarian Research, 2, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-2215-2-21
doi: 10.1186/1757-2215-2-21
pubmed: 20034397
pmcid: 2804676
Chauhan, S. C., Vannatta, K., Ebeling, M. C., Vinayek, N., Watanabe, A., Pandey, K. K., Bell, M. C., Koch, M. D., Aburatani, H., Lio, Y., et al. (2009). Expression and functions of transmembrane mucin MUC13 in ovarian cancer. Cancer Research, 69, 765–774. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.Can-08-0587
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.Can-08-0587
pubmed: 19176398
Gupta, B. K., Maher, D. M., Ebeling, M. C., Stephenson, P. D., Puumala, S. E., Koch, M. R., Aburatani, H., Jaggi, M., & Chauhan, S. C. (2014). Functions and regulation of MUC13 mucin in colon cancer cells. Journal of Gastroenterology, 49, 1378–1391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-013-0885-z
doi: 10.1007/s00535-013-0885-z
pubmed: 24097071
Khan, S., Ebeling, M. C., Zaman, M. S., Sikander, M., Yallapu, M. M., Chauhan, N., Yacoubian, A. M., Behrman, S. W., Zafar, N., Kumar, D., et al. (2014). MicroRNA-145 targets MUC13 and suppresses growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget, 5, 7599–7609. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2281
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2281
pubmed: 25277192
pmcid: 4202147
Khan, S., Sikander, M., Ebeling, M. C., Ganju, A., Kumari, S., Yallapu, M. M., Hafeez, B. B., Ise, T., Nagata, S., Zafar, N., et al. (2017). MUC13 interaction with receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 drives pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression. Oncogene, 36, 491–500. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2016.218
doi: 10.1038/onc.2016.218
pubmed: 27321183
Filippou, P. S., Ren, A. H., Korbakis, D., Dimitrakopoulos, L., Soosaipillai, A., Barak, V., Frenkel, S., Pe’er, J., Lotem, M., Merims, S., et al. (2018). Exploring the potential of mucin 13 (MUC13) as a biomarker for carcinomas and other diseases. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 56, 1945–1953. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-0139
doi: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0139
pubmed: 29768245
Khan, S., Zafar, N., Khan, S. S., Setua, S., Behrman, S. W., Stiles, Z. E., Yallapu, M. M., Sahay, P., Ghimire, H., Ise, T., et al. (2018). Clinical significance of MUC13 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. HPB: The Official Journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association, 20, 563–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2017.12.003
doi: 10.1016/j.hpb.2017.12.003
pubmed: 29352660
Kumari, S., Khan, S., Gupta, S. C., Kashyap, V. K., Yallapu, M. M., Chauhan, S. C., & Jaggi, M. (2018). MUC13 contributes to rewiring of glucose metabolism in pancreatic cancer. Oncogenesis, 7, 19. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41389-018-0031-0
doi: 10.1038/s41389-018-0031-0
pubmed: 29467405
pmcid: 5833644
Massey, A. E., Doxtater, K. A., Yallapu, M. M., & Chauhan, S. C. (2020). Biophysical changes caused by altered MUC13 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Micron, 130, 102822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2019.102822
doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102822
pubmed: 31927412
pmcid: 7014956
Nishii, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Kimura, Y., Hasegawa, T., Aburatani, H., Uchida, H., Hirata, K., & Sakuma, Y. (2015). A newly developed anti-Mucin 13 monoclonal antibody targets pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. International Journal of Oncology, 46, 1781–1787. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2015.2880
doi: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2880
pubmed: 25672256
Stiles, Z. E., Khan, S., Patton, K. T., Jaggi, M., Behrman, S. W., & Chauhan, S. C. (2019). Transmembrane mucin MUC13 distinguishes intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms from non-mucinous cysts and is associated with high-risk lesions. HPB: The Official Journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association, 21, 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2018.07.009
doi: 10.1016/j.hpb.2018.07.009
pubmed: 30115565
Mito, K., Saito, M., Morita, K., Maetani, I., Sata, N., Mieno, M., & Fukushima, N. (2018). Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of MUC13 and AGR2 expression in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Pancreatology, 18, 407–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2018.04.003
doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.04.003
pubmed: 29650332
Gupta, B. K., Maher, D. M., Ebeling, M. C., Sundram, V., Koch, M. D., Lynch, D. W., Bohlmeyer, T., Watanabe, A., Aburatani, H., Puumala, S. E., et al. (2012). Increased expression and aberrant localization of mucin 13 in metastatic colon cancer. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 60, 822–831. https://doi.org/10.1369/0022155412460678
doi: 10.1369/0022155412460678
pubmed: 22914648
pmcid: 3524568
Walsh, M. D., Young, J. P., Leggett, B. A., Williams, S. H., Jass, J. R., & McGuckin, M. A. (2007). The MUC13 cell surface mucin is highly expressed by human colorectal carcinomas. Human Pathology, 38, 883–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2006.11.020
doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.11.020
pubmed: 17360025
Kasprzak, A., Adamek, A. (2019). Mucins: The Old, the new and the promising factors in hepatobiliary carcinogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061288
Tiemin, P., Fanzheng, M., Peng, X., Jihua, H., Ruipeng, S., Yaliang, L., Yan, W., Junlin, X., Qingfu, L., Zhefeng, H., et al. (2020). MUC13 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathways. Journal of Hepatology, 72, 761–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.11.021
doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.11.021
pubmed: 31837357
Dai, Y., Liu, L., Zeng, T., Liang, J. Z., Song, Y., Chen, K., Li, Y., Chen, L., Zhu, Y. H., Li, J., et al. (2018). Overexpression of MUC13, a poor prognostic predictor, promotes cell growth by activating wnt signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. American Journal of Pathology, 188, 378–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.016
doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.016
pubmed: 29174628
Pang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H. Y., Wang, W. H., Jin, G., Liu, J. W., & Zhu, Z. J. (2022). MUC13 promotes lung cancer development and progression by activating ERK signaling. Oncology Letters, 23, 37. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2021.13155
doi: 10.3892/ol.2021.13155
pubmed: 34966453
Sheng, Y., Ng, C. P., Lourie, R., Shah, E. T., He, Y., Wong, K. Y., Seim, I., Oancea, I., Morais, C., Jeffery, P. L., et al. (2017). MUC13 overexpression in renal cell carcinoma plays a central role in tumor progression and drug resistance. International Journal of Cancer, 140, 2351–2363. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30651
doi: 10.1002/ijc.30651
pubmed: 28205224
Xu, Z., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, G., Liu, Z., Fu, H., Wang, Z., Liu, H., & Xu, J. (2017). High expression of Mucin13 associates with grimmer postoperative prognosis of patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget, 8, 7548–7558. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13692
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13692
pubmed: 27911274
Shimamura, T., Ito, H., Shibahara, J., Watanabe, A., Hippo, Y., Taniguchi, H., Chen, Y., Kashima, T., Ohtomo, T., Tanioka, F., et al. (2005). Overexpression of MUC13 is associated with intestinal-type gastric cancer. Cancer Science, 96, 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00043.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00043.x
pubmed: 15904467
He, L., Qu, L., Wei, L., Chen, Y., & Suo, J. (2017). Reduction of miR-132-3p contributes to gastric cancer proliferation by targeting MUC13. Molecular Medicine Reports, 15, 3055–3061. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6347
doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6347
pubmed: 28339011
pmcid: 5428394
Zhao, Z. T., Li, Y., Yuan, H. Y., Ma, F. H., Song, Y. M., & Tian, Y. T. (2020). Identification of key genes and pathways in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma based on transcriptome analysis. World J Clin Cases, 8, 658–669. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v8.i4.658
doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i4.658
pubmed: 32149050
pmcid: 7052547
Wang, H., Shen, L., Lin, Y., Shi, Q., Yang, Y., & Chen, K. (2015). The expression and prognostic significance of Mucin 13 and Mucin 20 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 11(Suppl 1), C74-79. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.163846
doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.163846
pubmed: 26323930
Li, P., Wang, H., Hou, M., Li, D., & Bai, H. (2017). Upstream stimulating factor1 (USF1) enhances the proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells mainly by activating the transcription of mucin13 (MUC13). Die Pharmazie, 72, 98–102. https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2017.6788
doi: 10.1691/ph.2017.6788
pubmed: 29441861
Sung, H. Y., Park, A. K., Ju, W., & Ahn, J. H. (2014). Overexpression of mucin 13 due to promoter methylation promotes aggressive behavior in ovarian cancer cells. Yonsei Medical Journal, 55, 1206–1213. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2014.55.5.1206
doi: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.5.1206
pubmed: 25048476
pmcid: 4108803
Dhasmana, A., Dhasmana, S., Agarwal, S., Khan, S., Haque, S., Jaggi, M., Yallapu, M. M., & Chauhan, S. C. (2023). Integrative big transcriptomics data analysis implicates crucial role of MUC13 in pancreatic cancer. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 21, 2845–2857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2023.04.029
doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.04.029
pubmed: 37216018
pmcid: 10192752
Jonckheere, N., Vincent, A., Neve, B., & Van Seuningen, I. (2021). Mucin expression, epigenetic regulation and patient survival: A toolkit of prognostic biomarkers in epithelial cancers. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Reviews on Cancer, 1876, 188538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188538
doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188538
pubmed: 33862149
Thompson, C. M., Cannon, A., West, S., Ghersi, D., Atri, P., Bhatia, R., Smith, L., Rachagani, S., Wichman, C., Kumar, S., et al. (2021). Mucin expression and splicing determine novel subtypes and patient mortality in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clinical Cancer Research, 27, 6787–6799. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-21-1591
doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-21-1591
pubmed: 34615717
Fabregas, J. C., Ramnaraign, B., & George, T. J. (2022). Clinical updates for colon cancer care in 2022. Clinical Colorectal Cancer, 21, 198–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcc.2022.05.006
doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2022.05.006
pubmed: 35729033
Byrd, J. C., & Bresalier, R. S. (2004). Mucins and mucin binding proteins in colorectal cancer. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 23, 77–99. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025815113599
doi: 10.1023/a:1025815113599
pubmed: 15000151
Jonckheere, N., & Van Seuningen, I. (2010). The membrane-bound mucins: From cell signalling to transcriptional regulation and expression in epithelial cancers. Biochimie, 92, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2009.09.018
doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.09.018
pubmed: 19818375
Cox, K.E., Liu, S., Lwin, T.M., Hoffman, R.M., Batra, S.K., Bouvet, M. (2023). The mucin family of proteins: Candidates as potential biomarkers for colon cancer. Cancers (Basel), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051491 .
Sheng, Y. H., He, Y., Hasnain, S. Z., Wang, R., Tong, H., Clarke, D. T., Lourie, R., Oancea, I., Wong, K. Y., Lumley, J. W., et al. (2017). MUC13 protects colorectal cancer cells from death by activating the NF-κB pathway and is a potential therapeutic target. Oncogene, 36, 700–713. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2016.241
doi: 10.1038/onc.2016.241
pubmed: 27399336
Sheng, Y. H., Wong, K. Y., Seim, I., Wang, R., He, Y., Wu, A., Patrick, M., Lourie, R., Schreiber, V., Giri, R., et al. (2019). MUC13 promotes the development of colitis-associated colorectal tumors via β-catenin activity. Oncogene, 38, 7294–7310. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-019-0951-y
doi: 10.1038/s41388-019-0951-y
pubmed: 31427737
Doxtater, K., Tripathi, M. K., Sekhri, R., Hafeez, B. B., Khan, S., Zafar, N., Behrman, S. W., Yallapu, M. M., Jaggi, M., & Chauhan, S. C. (2023). MUC13 drives cancer aggressiveness and metastasis through the YAP1-dependent pathway. Life Sci Alliance, 6(12). https://doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202301975
Lei, Z. N., Teng, Q. X., Tian, Q., Chen, W., Xie, Y., Wu, K., Zeng, Q., Zeng, L., Pan, Y., Chen, Z. S., et al. (2022). Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 7, 358. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w
doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w
pubmed: 36209270
pmcid: 9547882
Stomach Cancer Survival Rates. The American Cancer Society medical and editorial content team 2023. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Cleveland Clinic medical professional 2021. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21709-hepatocellular-carcinoma-hcc
Toh, M. R., Wong, E. Y. T., Wong, S. H., Ng, A. W. T., Loo, L. H., Chow, P. K., & Ngeow, J. (2023). Global Epidemiology and genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology, 164, 766–782. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.033
doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.033
pubmed: 36738977
Ganesan, P., & Kulik, L. M. (2023). Hepatocellular carcinoma: New developments. Clinics in Liver Disease, 27, 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2022.08.004
doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2022.08.004
pubmed: 36400469
Webb, P. M., & Jordan, S. J. (2017). Epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 41, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.006
doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.006
Ren, A. H., Filippou, P. S., Soosaipillai, A., Dimitrakopoulos, L., Korbakis, D., Leung, F., Kulasingam, V., Bernardini, M. Q., & Diamandis, E. P. (2023). Mucin 13 (MUC13) as a candidate biomarker for ovarian cancer detection: Potential to complement CA125 in detecting non-serous subtypes. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 61, 464–472. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-0491
doi: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0491
pubmed: 36380677
Bade, B. C., & Dela Cruz, C. S. (2020). Lung cancer 2020: Epidemiology, etiology, and prevention. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 41, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2019.10.001
doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2019.10.001
pubmed: 32008623
Yang, D., Liu, Y., Bai, C., Wang, X., & Powell, C. A. (2020). Epidemiology of lung cancer and lung cancer screening programs in China and the United States. Cancer Letters, 468, 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.009
doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.009
pubmed: 31600530
Vaidya, F. U., Sufiyan Chhipa, A., Mishra, V., Gupta, V. K., Rawat, S. G., Kumar, A., & Pathak, C. (2022). Molecular and cellular paradigms of multidrug resistance in cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken), 5, e1291. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1291
doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1291
pubmed: 33052041
Barrera-Rodríguez, R. (2018). Importance of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in NSCLC: Is it a possible biomarker? Biomedical Reports, 9, 375–382. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2018.1143
doi: 10.3892/br.2018.1143
pubmed: 30345037
pmcid: 6176108
Hammerman, P. S., Lawrence, M. S., Voet, D., Jing, R., Cibulskis, K., Sivachenko, A., Stojanov, P., McKenna, A., Lander, E. S., Gabriel, S., Getz, G., Sougnez, C., Imielinski, M., Helman, E., Hernandez, B., Pho, N. H., Meyerson, M., Chu, A., Chun, H.-J. E., et al. Comprehensive genomic characterization of squamous cell lung cancers. PubMed. nih.gov
Giordano, T. J. (2014). The cancer genome atlas research network: A sight to behold. Endocrine Pathology, 25, 362–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-014-9345-4
doi: 10.1007/s12022-014-9345-4
pubmed: 25367656
Collisson, E. A., Campbell, J. D., Brooks, A. N., Berger, A. H., Lee, W., Chmielecki, J., Beer, D. G., Cope, L., Creighton, C. J., Danilova, L., Ding, L., Getz, G., Hammerman, P. S., Neil Hayes, D., Hernandez, B., Herman, J. G., Heymach, J. V., Jurisica, I., Kucherlapati, R., … John Flynn, H. (2014). Comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma. Nature, 511(7511), 543–550. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13385
doi: 10.1038/nature13385
Begicevic, R.R., Falasca, M. (2017). ABC transporters in cancer stem cells: Beyond chemoresistance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112362 .
Zhao, J. (2016). Cancer stem cells and chemoresistance: The smartest survives the raid. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 160, 145–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.02.008
doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.02.008
Hasan, S., Taha, R., & Omri, H. E. (2018). Current opinions on chemoresistance: An overview. Bioinformation, 14, 80–85. https://doi.org/10.6026/97320630014080
doi: 10.6026/97320630014080
pubmed: 29618904
pmcid: 5879949
Chen, W., Qin, Y., & Liu, S. (2018). Cytokines, breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and chemoresistance. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 7, 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40169-018-0205-6
doi: 10.1186/s40169-018-0205-6
pubmed: 30175384
pmcid: 6119679
Samuel, S.M., Varghese, E., Koklesová, L., Líšková, A., Kubatka, P., Büsselberg, D. (2020). Counteracting chemoresistance with metformin in breast cancers: Targeting cancer stem cells. Cancers (Basel), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092482 .
Nussinov, R., Tsai, C. J., & Jang, H. (2017). A new view of pathway-driven drug resistance in tumor proliferation. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 38, 427–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2017.02.001
doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.02.001
pubmed: 28245913
pmcid: 5403593
Rajabpour, A., Rajaei, F., & Teimoori-Toolabi, L. (2017). Molecular alterations contributing to pancreatic cancer chemoresistance. Pancreatology, 17, 310–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2016.12.013
doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.12.013
pubmed: 28065383
Alfarouk, K. O., Stock, C. M., Taylor, S., Walsh, M., Muddathir, A. K., Verduzco, D., Bashir, A. H., Mohammed, O. Y., Elhassan, G. O., Harguindey, S., et al. (2015). Resistance to cancer chemotherapy: Failure in drug response from ADME to P-gp. Cancer Cell International, 15, 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-015-0221-1
doi: 10.1186/s12935-015-0221-1
pubmed: 26180516
pmcid: 4502609
Moulder, S. (2010). Intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy in breast cancer. Womens Health (Lond), 6, 821–830. https://doi.org/10.2217/whe.10.60
doi: 10.2217/whe.10.60
pubmed: 21118040
Lippert, T. H., Ruoff, H. J., & Volm, M. (2008). Intrinsic and acquired drug resistance in malignant tumors. The main reason for therapeutic failure. Arzneimittelforschung, 58, 261–264. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1296504
doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296504
pubmed: 18677966
Schwarzenbach, H., & Gahan, P. B. (2019). Resistance to cis- and carboplatin initiated by epigenetic changes in ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Drug Resist, 2, 271–296. https://doi.org/10.20517/cdr.2019.010
doi: 10.20517/cdr.2019.010
pubmed: 35582723
pmcid: 8992637
Chen, Y., Song, Y., Mi, Y., Jin, H., Cao, J., Li, H., Han, L., Huang, T., Zhang, X., Ren, S., et al. (2020). microRNA-499a promotes the progression and chemoresistance of cervical cancer cells by targeting SOX6. Apoptosis, 25, 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-019-01588-y
doi: 10.1007/s10495-019-01588-y
pubmed: 31938895
Wang, H., Guan, Z., He, K., Qian, J., Cao, J., & Teng, L. (2017). LncRNA UCA1 in anti-cancer drug resistance. Oncotarget, 8, 64638–64650. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18344
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18344
pubmed: 28969100
pmcid: 5610032
Ebrahimi Ghahnavieh, L., Tabatabaeian, H., Ebrahimi Ghahnavieh, Z., Honardoost, M. A., Azadeh, M., Moazeni Bistgani, M., & Ghaedi, K. (2020). Fluctuating expression of miR-584 in primary and high-grade gastric cancer. BMC Cancer, 20, 621. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-07116-5
doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-07116-5
pubmed: 32615958
pmcid: 7345521
Lim, S. K., Tabatabaeian, H., Lu, S. Y., Kang, S. A., Sundaram, G. M., Sampath, P., Chan, S. W., Hong, W. J., & Lim, Y. P. (2020). Hippo/MST blocks breast cancer by downregulating WBP2 oncogene expression via miRNA processor Dicer. Cell Death & Disease, 11, 669. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-02901-3
doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02901-3
Adami, B., Tabatabaeian, H., Ghaedi, K., Talebi, A., Azadeh, M., & Dehdashtian, E. (2019). miR-146a is deregulated in gastric cancer. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 15, 108–114. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_855_17
doi: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_855_17
pubmed: 30880764
Chan, J. J., Tay, Y. (2018). Noncoding RNA:RNA regulatory networks in cancer. The International Journal of Molecular Science, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051310 .
Anastasiadou, E., Jacob, L. S., & Slack, F. J. (2018). Non-coding RNA networks in cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer, 18, 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2017.99
doi: 10.1038/nrc.2017.99
pubmed: 29170536
Ramos, E. K., Hoffmann, A. D., Gerson, S. L., & Liu, H. (2017). New opportunities and challenges to defeat cancer stem cells. Trends in cancer, 3, 780–796.
doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.08.007
pubmed: 29120754
pmcid: 5958547
Singh, A., & Settleman, J. (2010). EMT, cancer stem cells and drug resistance: An emerging axis of evil in the war on cancer. Oncogene, 29, 4741–4751.
doi: 10.1038/onc.2010.215
pubmed: 20531305
pmcid: 3176718
Flanagan, D. J., Barker, N., Costanzo, N. S. D., Mason, E. A., Gurney, A., Meniel, V. S., Koushyar, S., Austin, C. R., Ernst, M., & Pearson, H. B. (2019). Frizzled-7 is required for Wnt signaling in gastric tumors with and without Apc mutations. Cancer Research, 79, 970–981.
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2095
pubmed: 30622113
Zhang, Y., Morris, J. P., IV., Yan, W., Schofield, H. K., Gurney, A., Simeone, D. M., Millar, S. E., Hoey, T., Hebrok, M., & Pasca di Magliano, M. (2013). Canonical wnt signaling is required for pancreatic carcinogenesis. Cancer Research, 73, 4909–4922.
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-4384
pubmed: 23761328
pmcid: 3763696
Sinnberg, T., Levesque, M. P., Krochmann, J., Cheng, P. F., Ikenberg, K., Meraz-Torres, F., Niessner, H., Garbe, C., & Busch, C. (2018). Wnt-signaling enhances neural crest migration of melanoma cells and induces an invasive phenotype. Molecular Cancer, 17, 1–19.
doi: 10.1186/s12943-018-0773-5
Liu, Y., Chang, Y., Lu, S., & Xiang, Y. Y. (2019). Downregulation of long noncoding RNA DGCR5 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer by activating Wnt signaling pathway. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 234, 11662–11669.
doi: 10.1002/jcp.27825
pubmed: 30552671
Veeck, J., Bektas, N., Hartmann, A., Kristiansen, G., Heindrichs, U., Knüchel, R., & Dahl, E. (2008). Wnt signalling in human breast cancer: Expression of the putative Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is frequently suppressed by promoter hypermethylation in mammary tumours. Breast Cancer Research, 10, 1–11.
doi: 10.1186/bcr2151
Murillo-Garzón, V., & Kypta, R. (2017). WNT signalling in prostate cancer. Nature Reviews Urology, 14, 683–696.
doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.144
pubmed: 28895566
McCord, M., Mukouyama, Y.-S., Gilbert, M. R., & Jackson, S. (2017). Targeting WNT signaling for multifaceted glioblastoma therapy. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 11, 318.
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00318
pubmed: 29081735
pmcid: 5645527
van Andel, H., Kocemba, K. A., Spaargaren, M., & Pals, S. T. (2019). Aberrant Wnt signaling in multiple myeloma: Molecular mechanisms and targeting options. Leukemia, 33, 1063–1075.
doi: 10.1038/s41375-019-0404-1
pubmed: 30770859
pmcid: 6756057
Ashihara, E., Takada, T., & Maekawa, T. (2015). Targeting the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hematological malignancies. Cancer Science, 106, 665–671.
doi: 10.1111/cas.12655
pubmed: 25788321
pmcid: 4471797
Yadav, A. K., & Desai, N. S. (2019). Cancer stem cells: Acquisition, characteristics, therapeutic implications, targeting strategies and future prospects. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 15, 331–355.
doi: 10.1007/s12015-019-09887-2
pubmed: 30993589
Steinbichler, T. B., Dudás, J., Skvortsov, S., Ganswindt, U., Riechelmann, H., & Skvortsova, I. I. (2018). Therapy resistance mediated by cancer stem cells. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 53, 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.006
doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.006
pubmed: 30471331
Jaiswal, R., Luk, F., Dalla, P. V., Grau, G. E. R., & Bebawy, M. (2013). Breast cancer-derived microparticles display tissue selectivity in the transfer of resistance proteins to cells. PLoS ONE, 8, e61515.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061515
pubmed: 23593486
pmcid: 3625154
Vesel, M., Rapp, J., Feller, D., Kiss, E., Jaromi, L., Meggyes, M., Miskei, G., Duga, B., Smuk, G., & Laszlo, T. (2017). ABCB1 and ABCG2 drug transporters are differentially expressed in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and expression is modified by cisplatin treatment via altered Wnt signaling. Respiratory Research, 18, 1–11.
doi: 10.1186/s12931-017-0537-6
Schinkel, A. H., Smit, J. J., van Tellingen, O., Beijnen, J. H., Wagenaar, E., van Deemter, L., Mol, C. A., van der Valk, M. A., Robanus-Maandag, E. C., te Riele, H. P., et al. (1994). Disruption of the mouse mdr1a P-glycoprotein gene leads to a deficiency in the blood-brain barrier and to increased sensitivity to drugs. Cell, 77, 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90212-7
doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90212-7
pubmed: 7910522
Johnson, W. W. (2002). P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux as a major factor in the variance of absorption and distribution of drugs: Modulation of chemotherapy resistance. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 24, 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1358/mf.2002.24.8.705071
doi: 10.1358/mf.2002.24.8.705071
pubmed: 12500430
Cerezo, D., Lencina, M., Ruiz-Alcaraz, A. J., Ferragut, J. A., Saceda, M., Sanchez, M., Cánovas, M., García-Peñarrubia, P., & Martín-Orozco, E. (2012). Acquisition of MDR phenotype by leukemic cells is associated with increased caspase-3 activity and a collateral sensitivity to cold stress. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 113, 1416–1425. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.24016
doi: 10.1002/jcb.24016
pubmed: 22173742
Cerezo, D., Ruiz-Alcaraz, A. J., Lencina-Guardiola, M., Cánovas, M., García-Peñarrubia, P., Martínez-López, I., & Martín-Orozco, E. (2017). Attenuated JNK signaling in multidrug-resistant leukemic cells Dual role of MAPK in cell survival. Cell Signal, 30, 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.12.003
doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.12.003
pubmed: 27940051
Pallis, M., & Russell, N. (2000). P-glycoprotein plays a drug-efflux-independent role in augmenting cell survival in acute myeloblastic leukemia and is associated with modulation of a sphingomyelin-ceramide apoptotic pathway. Blood, 95, 2897–2904.
doi: 10.1182/blood.V95.9.2897.009k14_2897_2904
pubmed: 10779437
Weisburg, J. H., Roepe, P. D., Dzekunov, S., & Scheinberg, D. A. (1999). Intracellular pH and multidrug resistance regulate complement-mediated cytotoxicity of nucleated human cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274, 10877–10888. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.16.10877
doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.16.10877
pubmed: 10196165
Ding, S., Chamberlain, M., McLaren, A., Goh, L., Duncan, I., & Wolf, C. R. (2001). Cross-talk between signalling pathways and the multidrug resistant protein MDR-1. British Journal of Cancer, 85, 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2001.2044
doi: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2044
pubmed: 11710832
pmcid: 2375166
Cerezo, D., Cánovas, M., García-Peñarrubia, P., & Martín-Orozco, E. (2015). Collateral sensitivity to cold stress and differential BCL-2 family expression in new daunomycin-resistant lymphoblastoid cell lines. Experimental Cell Research, 331, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.11.017
doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.11.017
pubmed: 25498972
Goler-Baron, V., & Assaraf, Y. G. (2011). Structure and function of ABCG2-rich extracellular vesicles mediating multidrug resistance. PLoS ONE, 6, e16007. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016007
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016007
pubmed: 21283667
pmcid: 3025911
Horio, M., Gottesman, M. M., & Pastan, I. (1988). ATP-dependent transport of vinblastine in vesicles from human multidrug-resistant cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85, 3580–3584. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.10.3580
doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.10.3580
pubmed: 3368466
pmcid: 280257
Leibovitz, A., Stinson, J. C., McCombs, W. B., 3rd., McCoy, C. E., Mazur, K. C., & Mabry Mabry, N. D. (1976). Classification of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Cancer Research, 36, 4562–4569.
pubmed: 1000501
Xu, Z., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, G., Liu1, Z., Fu, H., Wang, Z., Liu, H., & Xu, J. (2016). High expression of Mucin13 associates with grimmer postoperative prognosis of patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget, 8(5), 7548–7558.
Khan, S., Ebeling, M. C., Zaman, M. S., Sikander, M., Yallapu, M. M., Chauhan, N., Yacoubian, A. M., Behrman, S. W., Zafar, N., Kumar, D., et al. (2014). MicroRNA-145 targets MUC13 and suppresses growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget, 5(17), 7599–7609.
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2281
pubmed: 25277192
pmcid: 4202147
Setua, S., Khan, S., Yallapu, M. M., Behrman, S. W., Sikander, M., Khan, S. S., Jaggi, M., & Chauhan, S. C. (2017). Restitution of tumor suppressor MicroRNA-145 using magnetic nanoformulation for pancreatic cancer therapy. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 21, 94–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-016-3222-z
doi: 10.1007/s11605-016-3222-z
pubmed: 27507554
Sikander, M. (2012). Mucins: Potential for ovarian cancer biomarkers. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v3i6.526 .
Gupta, B. K., Sikander, M., & Jaggi, M. J. (2016). Gastroenterol Dig Dis 1(2). Link: Overview of mucin (MUC13) in gastrointestinal cancers. ( https://www.alliedacademies.org/ ).
Sikander, M., Malik, S., Khan, S., Kumari, S., Chauhan, N., Khan, P., Halaweish, F.T., Chauhan, B., Yallapu, M. M., Jaggi, M., et al. (2019). Novel mechanistic insight into the anticancer activity of cucurbitacin D against pancreatic cancer (Cuc D attenuates pancreatic cancer). Cells, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9010103 .
Mills, J. C., Stanger, B. Z., & Sander, M. (2019). Nomenclature for cellular plasticity: Are the terms as plastic as the cells themselves? EMBO Journal, 38, e103148. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019103148
doi: 10.15252/embj.2019103148
pubmed: 31475380
pmcid: 6769377
Yuan, S., Norgard, R. J., & Stanger, B. Z. (2019). Cellular plasticity in cancer. Cancer Discov, 9, 837–851. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.Cd-19-0015
doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.Cd-19-0015
pubmed: 30992279
pmcid: 6606363
Gurdon, J. B. (1962). The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology, 10, 622–640.
pubmed: 13951335
Takahashi, K., & Yamanaka, S. (2006). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell, 126, 663–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024
pubmed: 16904174
Nieto, M. A., Huang, R. Y., Jackson, R. A., & Thiery, J. P. E. M. T. (2016). Cell, 2016(166), 21–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.028
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.028
Shibata, M., Hoque, M.O. (2019). Targeting cancer stem cells: A strategy for effective eradication of cancer. Cancers (Basel), 11 https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050732 .
Khan, A.Q., Ahmed, E.I., Elareer, N. R., Junejo, K., Steinhoff, M., Uddin, S. (2019). Role of miRNA-regulated cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of human malignancies. Cells, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080840 .
Iwata, M. (1968). Study of serum lipids in infants. 1. Serum lipids in healthy infants].Nihon Shonika Gakkai Zasshi, 72, 1075–1081.
pubmed: 5751177
Jordan, C. T., Guzman, M. L., & Noble, M. (2006). Cancer stem cells. New England Journal of Medicine, 355, 1253–1261. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra061808
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra061808
pubmed: 16990388
Thiery, J. P., Acloque, H., Huang, R. Y., & Nieto, M. A. (2009). Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell, 139, 871–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.007
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.007
pubmed: 19945376
Mani, S. A., Guo, W., Liao, M. J., Eaton, E. N., Ayyanan, A., Zhou, A. Y., Brooks, M., Reinhard, F., Zhang, C. C., Shipitsin, M., et al. (2008). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells. Cell, 133, 704–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.03.027
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.03.027
pubmed: 18485877
pmcid: 2728032
Polyak, K., & Weinberg, R. A. (2009). Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states: Acquisition of malignant and stem cell traits. Nature Reviews Cancer, 9, 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2620
doi: 10.1038/nrc2620
pubmed: 19262571
Thiery, J. P. (2003). Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and pathologies. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 15, 740–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2003.10.006
doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2003.10.006
pubmed: 14644200
Huber, M. A., Kraut, N., & Beug, H. (2005). Molecular requirements for epithelial-mesenchymal transition during tumor progression. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 17, 548–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2005.08.001
doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2005.08.001
pubmed: 16098727
Malanchi, I., Peinado, H., Kassen, D., Hussenet, T., Metzger, D., Chambon, P., Huber, M., Hohl, D., Cano, A., Birchmeier, W., et al. (2008). Cutaneous cancer stem cell maintenance is dependent on beta-catenin signalling. Nature, 452, 650–653. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06835
doi: 10.1038/nature06835
pubmed: 18385740
Peacock, C. D., & Watkins, D. N. (2008). Cancer stem cells and the ontogeny of lung cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26, 2883–2889. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.15.2702
doi: 10.1200/jco.2007.15.2702
pubmed: 18539968
Al-Hajj, M., Wicha, M. S., Benito-Hernandez, A., Morrison, S. J., & Clarke, M. F. (2003). Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 3983–3988. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0530291100
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0530291100
pubmed: 12629218
pmcid: 153034
Wielenga, V. J., Smits, R., Korinek, V., Smit, L., Kielman, M., Fodde, R., Clevers, H., & Pals, S. T. (1999). Expression of CD44 in Apc and Tcf mutant mice implies regulation by the WNT pathway. American Journal of Pathology, 154, 515–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65297-2
doi: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65297-2
pubmed: 10027409
pmcid: 1850011
Hermann, P. C., Huber, S. L., Herrler, T., Aicher, A., Ellwart, J. W., Guba, M., Bruns, C. J., & Heeschen, C. (2007). Distinct populations of cancer stem cells determine tumor growth and metastatic activity in human pancreatic cancer. Cell Stem Cell, 1, 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2007.06.002
doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2007.06.002
pubmed: 18371365
Kumar, R., Gururaj, A. E., & Barnes, C. J. (2006). p21-activated kinases in cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer, 6, 459–471. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1892
doi: 10.1038/nrc1892
pubmed: 16723992
Coniglio, S. J., Zavarella, S., & Symons, M. H. (2008). Pak1 and Pak2 mediate tumor cell invasion through distinct signaling mechanisms. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 28, 4162–4172. https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01532-07
doi: 10.1128/mcb.01532-07
pubmed: 18411304
pmcid: 2423138
Boye, K., & Maelandsmo, G. M. (2010). S100A4 and metastasis: A small actor playing many roles. American Journal of Pathology, 176, 528–535. https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2010.090526
doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090526
pubmed: 20019188
pmcid: 2808059
Sherbet, G. V., & Lakshmi, M. S. (1998). S100A4 (MTS1) calcium binding protein in cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. Anticancer Research, 18, 2415–2421.
pubmed: 9703888
Feldner, J. C., & Brandt, B. H. (2002). Cancer cell motility–on the road from c-erbB-2 receptor steered signaling to actin reorganization. Experimental Cell Research, 272, 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.2001.5385
doi: 10.1006/excr.2001.5385
pubmed: 11777334
Estrella, V., Chen, T., Lloyd, M., Wojtkowiak, J., Cornnell, H. H., Ibrahim-Hashim, A., Bailey, K., Balagurunathan, Y., Rothberg, J. M., Sloane, B. F., et al. (2013). Acidity generated by the tumor microenvironment drives local invasion. Cancer Research, 73, 1524–1535. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.Can-12-2796
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.Can-12-2796
pubmed: 23288510
pmcid: 3594450
Walenta, S., Wetterling, M., Lehrke, M., Schwickert, G., Sundfør, K., Rofstad, E. K., & Mueller-Klieser, W. (2000). High lactate levels predict likelihood of metastases, tumor recurrence, and restricted patient survival in human cervical cancers. Cancer Research, 60, 916–921.
pubmed: 10706105
Weinstein, I. B., & Joe, A. (2008). Oncogene addiction. Cancer Research, 68, 3077–3080. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.Can-07-3293
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.Can-07-3293
pubmed: 18451130
Sureshbabu, S. K., Chaukar, D., & Chiplunkar, S. V. (2020). Hypoxia regulates the differentiation and anti-tumor effector functions of γδT cells in oral cancer. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 201, 40–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13436
doi: 10.1111/cei.13436
pubmed: 32255193
pmcid: 7290089
Zhang, C., Samanta, D., Lu, H., Bullen, J. W., Zhang, H., Chen, I., He, X., & Semenza, G. L. (2016). Hypoxia induces the breast cancer stem cell phenotype by HIF-dependent and ALKBH5-mediated m
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1602883113
pubmed: 27001847
pmcid: 4833258
Cao, Z., Zheng, X., Yang, H., Li, S., Xu, F., Yang, X., & Wang, Y. (2020). Association of obesity status and metabolic syndrome with site-specific cancers: A population-based cohort study. British Journal of Cancer, 123, 1336–1344. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-1012-6
doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-1012-6
pubmed: 32728095
pmcid: 7555864
Ajduković, J. (2016). HIF-1–a big chapter in the cancer tale. Experimental Oncology, 38, 9–12.
doi: 10.31768/2312-8852.2016.38(1):9-12
pubmed: 27031712
Schito, L., & Semenza, G. L. (2016). Hypoxia-inducible factors: Master regulators of cancer progression. Trends Cancer, 2, 758–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2016.10.016
doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.10.016
pubmed: 28741521
Mathieu, J., Zhang, Z., Zhou, W., Wang, A. J., Heddleston, J. M., Pinna, C. M., Hubaud, A., Stadler, B., Choi, M., Bar, M., et al. (2011). HIF induces human embryonic stem cell markers in cancer cells. Cancer Research, 71, 4640–4652. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.Can-10-3320
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.Can-10-3320
pubmed: 21712410
pmcid: 3129496
Lin, Y. T., & Wu, K. J. (2020). Epigenetic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition: Focusing on hypoxia and TGF-β signaling. Journal of Biomedical Science, 27, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-020-00632-3
doi: 10.1186/s12929-020-00632-3
pubmed: 32114978
pmcid: 7050137
Rankin, E. B., Nam, J. M., & Giaccia, A. J. (2016). Hypoxia: Signaling the metastatic cascade. Trends Cancer, 2, 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2016.05.006
doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.05.006
pubmed: 28741527
pmcid: 5808868
Hajizadeh, F., Okoye, I., Esmaily, M., Ghasemi Chaleshtari, M., Masjedi, A., Azizi, G., Irandoust, M., Ghalamfarsa, G., & Jadidi-Niaragh, F. (2019). Hypoxia inducible factors in the tumor microenvironment as therapeutic targets of cancer stem cells. Life Sciences, 237, 116952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116952
doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116952
pubmed: 31622608
Zhang, H., Lu, H., Xiang, L., Bullen, J. W., Zhang, C., Samanta, D., Gilkes, D. M., He, J., & Semenza, G. L. (2015). HIF-1 regulates CD47 expression in breast cancer cells to promote evasion of phagocytosis and maintenance of cancer stem cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, E6215-6223. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520032112
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1520032112
pubmed: 26512116
pmcid: 4653179
Thomas, S., Harding, M. A., Smith, S. C., Overdevest, J. B., Nitz, M. D., Frierson, H. F., Tomlins, S. A., Kristiansen, G., & Theodorescu, D. (2012). CD24 is an effector of HIF-1-driven primary tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Research, 72, 5600–5612. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.Can-11-3666
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.Can-11-3666
pubmed: 22926560
pmcid: 3488144
Ohnishi, S., Maehara, O., Nakagawa, K., Kameya, A., Otaki, K., Fujita, H., Higashi, R., Takagi, K., Asaka, M., Sakamoto, N., et al. (2013). hypoxia-inducible factors activate CD133 promoter through ETS family transcription factors. PLoS ONE, 8, e66255. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066255
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066255
pubmed: 23840432
pmcid: 3688781
Hashimoto, O., Shimizu, K., Semba, S., Chiba, S., Ku, Y., Yokozaki, H., & Hori, Y. (2011). Hypoxia induces tumor aggressiveness and the expansion of CD133-positive cells in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent manner in pancreatic cancer cells. Pathobiology, 78, 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1159/000325538
doi: 10.1159/000325538
pubmed: 21778785
Chiu, D. K., Zhang, M. S., Tse, A. P., & Wong, C. C. (2019). Assessment of stabilization and activity of the HIFs important for hypoxia-induced signalling in cancer cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, 1928, 77–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9027-6_6
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9027-6_6
pubmed: 30725452
Soeda, A., Park, M., Lee, D., Mintz, A., Androutsellis-Theotokis, A., McKay, R. D., Engh, J., Iwama, T., Kunisada, T., Kassam, A. B., et al. (2009). Hypoxia promotes expansion of the CD133-positive glioma stem cells through activation of HIF-1alpha. Oncogene, 28, 3949–3959. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.252
doi: 10.1038/onc.2009.252
pubmed: 19718046
Xiang, L., & Semenza, G. L. (2019). Hypoxia-inducible factors promote breast cancer stem cell specification and maintenance in response to hypoxia or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Advances in Cancer Research, 141, 175–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acr.2018.11.001
doi: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.11.001
pubmed: 30691683
Porta, C., Paglino, C., & Mosca, A. (2014). Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer. Frontiers in Oncology, 4, 64. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2014.00064
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00064
pubmed: 24782981
pmcid: 3995050
Li, H., Zeng, J., & Shen, K. (2014). PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 290, 1067–1078. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-014-3377-3
doi: 10.1007/s00404-014-3377-3
pubmed: 25086744
Tapia, O., Riquelme, I., Leal, P., Sandoval, A., Aedo, S., Weber, H., Letelier, P., Bellolio, E., Villaseca, M., Garcia, P., et al. (2014). The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in gastric cancer with potential prognostic and predictive significance. Virchows Archiv, 465, 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-014-1588-4
doi: 10.1007/s00428-014-1588-4
pubmed: 24844205
Honjo, S., Ajani, J. A., Scott, A. W., Chen, Q., Skinner, H. D., Stroehlein, J., Johnson, R. L., & Song, S. (2014). Metformin sensitizes chemotherapy by targeting cancer stem cells and the mTOR pathway in esophageal cancer. International Journal of Oncology, 45, 567–574. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2450
doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2450
pubmed: 24859412
pmcid: 4091970
Mohammed, A., Janakiram, N. B., Brewer, M., Ritchie, R. L., Marya, A., Lightfoot, S., Steele, V. E., & Rao, C. V. (2013). Antidiabetic drug metformin prevents progression of pancreatic cancer by targeting in part cancer stem cells and mTOR signaling. Transl Oncol, 6, 649–659. https://doi.org/10.1593/tlo.13556
doi: 10.1593/tlo.13556
pubmed: 24466367
pmcid: 3890699
Chang, L., Graham, P. H., Hao, J., Ni, J., Bucci, J., Cozzi, P. J., Kearsley, J. H., & Li, Y. (2013). Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell phenotypes is associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in prostate cancer radioresistance. Cell Death & Disease, 4, e875. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2013.407
doi: 10.1038/cddis.2013.407
Zhou, J., Wulfkuhle, J., Zhang, H., Gu, P., Yang, Y., Deng, J., Margolick, J. B., Liotta, L. A., Petricoin, E., 3rd., & Zhang, Y. (2007). Activation of the PTEN/mTOR/STAT3 pathway in breast cancer stem-like cells is required for viability and maintenance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 16158–16163. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702596104
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0702596104
pubmed: 17911267
pmcid: 2042178
Douville, J., Beaulieu, R., & Balicki, D. (2009). ALDH1 as a functional marker of cancer stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev, 18, 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2008.0055
doi: 10.1089/scd.2008.0055
pubmed: 18573038
Huang, E. H., Hynes, M. J., Zhang, T., Ginestier, C., Dontu, G., Appelman, H., Fields, J. Z., Wicha, M. S., & Boman, B. M. (2009). Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 is a marker for normal and malignant human colonic stem cells (SC) and tracks SC overpopulation during colon tumorigenesis. Cancer Research, 69, 3382–3389. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.Can-08-4418
doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.Can-08-4418
pubmed: 19336570
pmcid: 2789401
Nishitani, S., Horie, M., Ishizaki, S., & Yano, H. (2013). Branched chain amino acid suppresses hepatocellular cancer stem cells through the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin. PLoS ONE, 8, e82346. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082346
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082346
pubmed: 24312415
pmcid: 3842306
Sunayama, J., Matsuda, K., Sato, A., Tachibana, K., Suzuki, K., Narita, Y., Shibui, S., Sakurada, K., Kayama, T., Tomiyama, A., et al. (2010). Crosstalk between the PI3K/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways involved in the maintenance of self-renewal and tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Stem Cells, 28, 1930–1939. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.521
doi: 10.1002/stem.521
pubmed: 20857497
Bleau, A. M., Hambardzumyan, D., Ozawa, T., Fomchenko, E. I., Huse, J. T., Brennan, C. W., & Holland, E. C. (2009). PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway regulates the side population phenotype and ABCG2 activity in glioma tumor stem-like cells. Cell Stem Cell, 4, 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2009.01.007
doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.01.007
pubmed: 19265662
pmcid: 3688060