Salivary autoantibodies to type I IFNs: Mirror plasma levels, predispose to severe COVID-19, and enhance feasibility for clinical screening.

COVID-19 In-hospital mortality Interferon autoantibodies Neutralizing autoantibodies SARS-CoV-2 Saliva and plasma

Journal

Heart & lung : the journal of critical care
ISSN: 1527-3288
Titre abrégé: Heart Lung
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0330057

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
27 Mar 2024
Historique:
received: 05 01 2024
revised: 06 03 2024
accepted: 18 03 2024
medline: 29 3 2024
pubmed: 29 3 2024
entrez: 28 3 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Autoantibodies have been demonstrated to dampen the interferon (IFN) response in viral infections. Elevated levels of these preexisting autoantibodies (aAbs) decrease basal interferon levels, increasing susceptibility to severe infections. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of type I IFN aAbs in both plasma and saliva from COVID-19 patients, analyze their neutralizing activity, and examine their associations with clinical outcomes, including the need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality. Prospective analyses of patients admitted to intensive care units in three UAE hospitals from June 2020 to March 2021 were performed to measure aAbs using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), assess aAbs activity via neutralization assays, and correlate aAbs with clinical outcomes. Type I IFN aAbs (α2 and/or ω) were measured in plasma samples from 213 ICU patients, and positive results were obtained for 20 % (n = 42) of the patients, with half exhibiting neutralizing activity. Saliva samples from a subgroup of 24 patients reflected plasma levels. In multivariate regression analyses, presence of type I IFN aAbs was associated with a higher need for mechanical ventilation (OR 2.58; 95 % CI 1.07-6.22) and greater in-hospital mortality (OR 2.40; 95 % CI 1.13 - 5.07; P = 0.022). Similarly, positive neutralizing aAbs (naAbs) were associated with a greater need for mechanical ventilation (OR 4.96; 95 % CI 1.12-22.07; P = 0.035) and greater odds of in-hospital mortality (OR 2.87; 95 % CI 1.05-7.89; P = 0.041). Type I IFN autoantibodies can be detected in noninvasive saliva samples, alongside conventional plasma samples, from COVID-19 patients and are associated with worse outcomes, such as greater mechanical ventilation needs and in-hospital mortality.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Autoantibodies have been demonstrated to dampen the interferon (IFN) response in viral infections. Elevated levels of these preexisting autoantibodies (aAbs) decrease basal interferon levels, increasing susceptibility to severe infections.
OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of type I IFN aAbs in both plasma and saliva from COVID-19 patients, analyze their neutralizing activity, and examine their associations with clinical outcomes, including the need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality.
METHODS METHODS
Prospective analyses of patients admitted to intensive care units in three UAE hospitals from June 2020 to March 2021 were performed to measure aAbs using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), assess aAbs activity via neutralization assays, and correlate aAbs with clinical outcomes.
RESULTS RESULTS
Type I IFN aAbs (α2 and/or ω) were measured in plasma samples from 213 ICU patients, and positive results were obtained for 20 % (n = 42) of the patients, with half exhibiting neutralizing activity. Saliva samples from a subgroup of 24 patients reflected plasma levels. In multivariate regression analyses, presence of type I IFN aAbs was associated with a higher need for mechanical ventilation (OR 2.58; 95 % CI 1.07-6.22) and greater in-hospital mortality (OR 2.40; 95 % CI 1.13 - 5.07; P = 0.022). Similarly, positive neutralizing aAbs (naAbs) were associated with a greater need for mechanical ventilation (OR 4.96; 95 % CI 1.12-22.07; P = 0.035) and greater odds of in-hospital mortality (OR 2.87; 95 % CI 1.05-7.89; P = 0.041).
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Type I IFN autoantibodies can be detected in noninvasive saliva samples, alongside conventional plasma samples, from COVID-19 patients and are associated with worse outcomes, such as greater mechanical ventilation needs and in-hospital mortality.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.03.005 PMID: 38547583
pubmed: 38547583
pii: S0147-9563(24)00045-1
doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.03.005
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

31-36

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of competing interest None.

Auteurs

Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari (N)

Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari (F)

Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of pharmacy practice and pharmacotherapeutics, College of pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Ola Salam Bayram (OS)

Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Shirin Hafezi (S)

Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Hawra Ali Hussain Alsayed (HAH)

Department of Pharmacy, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Fathima Kasim (F)

Department of internal medicine, Zulekha Hospitals, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Bushra Mdkhana (B)

Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Balachandar Selvakumar (B)

Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Habiba S Alsafar (HS)

Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Rabih Halwani (R)

Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, department of pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: rhalwani@sharjah.ac.ae.

Classifications MeSH