Endoscopic Features of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Endoscopic evaluation with biopsies is a mainstay of the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and non-EoE eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs). Increasing knowledge has resulted in the development of 2 standardized scoring systems: the Endoscopic REFerence Score (EREFS) for EoE and the EG-REFS for eosinophilic gastritis, although the latter has not been validated. In EGIDs, diagnosis and follow-up focus on eosinophil infiltration in biopsies. In this article, we will discuss the most commonly used endoscopic scores in EoE and non-EoE EGIDs, their validity for the diagnosis and follow-up of disease activity, as well as endoscopic interventions and areas of uncertainty.

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Disclosure T. Greuter has consulting contracts with Sanofi-Regeneron, Janssen, BMS, Takeda, Abbvie and Falk Pharma GmbH, received travel grants from Falk Pharma GmbH and Vifor, speaker’s fee from Norgine and an unrestricted research grant from Novartis, Switzerland. D. Katzka received research funding from Shire, a Takeda company, and consulting fees from Receptos, Celgene and Bristol Myers Squibb. No company representative was involved in conception, writing, or financing of this study. This study was supported by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation, United States to T. Greuter (grant no. P2ZHP3_168561). This study was further supported by a young investigator award from the Swiss Society of Gastroenterology to T. Greuter, a research grant from the Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biological Research, Switzerland to T. Greuter, a research award from the Swiss IBDnet to T. Greuter, a project grant from the EoE Foundation, United States to T. Greuter, and a training grant from the CEGIR to T. Greuter. CEGIR (U54 AI117804) is part of the Rare Disease Clinical Research Network (RDCRN), an initiative of the Office of Rare Diseases Research, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), and is funded through collaboration between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, United States, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, United States, and NCATS, United States. CEGIR is also supported by patient advocacy groups including the American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders, United States, Campaign Urging Research for Eosinophilic Disease, United States, and Eosinophilic Family Coalition, United States. As a member of the RDCRN, CEGIR is also supported by its Data Management and Coordinating Center (U2CTR002818).