Longitudinal association between fitness and metabolic syndrome: a population-based study over 29 years follow-up.
Exercise
Fitness
Health
Longitudinal study
Metabolic syndrome
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 Apr 2024
06 Apr 2024
Historique:
received:
14
11
2023
accepted:
26
03
2024
medline:
6
4
2024
pubmed:
6
4
2024
entrez:
5
4
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
To examine the longitudinal associations between fitness and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in community-dwelling adults over 29 years of follow-up. Ongoing, population-based cohort study of adults aged ≥ 33 years at baseline residing in the city of Bad Schönborn, Germany. The sample comprised 89 persons (41 females; mean age 40.1 years at baseline) who participated at baseline (in the year 1992) and 29-years follow-up (in the year 2021). Fitness (predictor variable) was assessed using 15 standardized and validated tests that measured strength, gross motor coordination, mobility/ flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness/ endurance, and a z-transformed fitness score was calculated for analysis. MetS (outcome of interest) was assessed through five criteria related to waist circumference, blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure, and a sum score was created for analysis. We ran partial correlations to examine the association between fitness score at baseline and MetS score at 29-years follow-up, adjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status, smoking status, sleep quality, and physical activity engagement in minutes/ week. A higher fitness score at baseline was significantly associated with a lower MetS score indicative of better metabolic health at 29-years follow-up (r=-0.29; p = 0.011). These associations were present in participants aged ≤ 40 years (r=-0.33; p = 0.025) as well as those aged > 40 years (r=-0.43; p = 0.045). Fitness may be a predictor of longitudinal metabolic health, and potentially also mediates previously reported longitudinal associations between physical activity and metabolic health. More research is needed to confirm these observations, and to also explore underlying mechanisms.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38580947
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18448-3
pii: 10.1186/s12889-024-18448-3
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
970Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Kassi E, Pervanidou P, Kaltsas G, et al. Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies. BMC Med. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-9-48 .
doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-48
pubmed: 21542944
pmcid: 3115896
Saklayen MG. The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z .
doi: 10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z
pubmed: 29480368
pmcid: 5866840
Cleven L, Krell-Roesch J, Schmidt SC, et al. Longitudinal association between physical activity and the risk of incident metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Germany. Sci Rep. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24052-5 .
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24052-5
pubmed: 36371479
pmcid: 9653435
Cleven L, Dziuba A, Krell-Roesch J, et al. Longitudinal associations between physical activity and five risk factors of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Germany. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-023-01062-5 .
doi: 10.1186/s13098-023-01062-5
pubmed: 37098550
pmcid: 10131386
Katzmarzyk PT, Leon AS, Wilmore JH, et al. Targeting the metabolic syndrome with exercise: evidence from the HERITAGE Family Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000089337.73244.9B .
doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000089337.73244.9B
pubmed: 14523308
Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012512 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012512
pubmed: 11832527
Mandsager K, Harb S, Cremer P, et al. Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Long-term mortality among adults undergoing Exercise Treadmill Testing. JAMA Netw Open. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3605 .
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3605
pubmed: 30646252
pmcid: 6324439
Lu Y, Li G, Ferrari P, et al. Associations of handgrip strength with morbidity and all-cause mortality of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. BMC Med. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02389-y .
doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02389-y
pubmed: 36522649
pmcid: 9694907
Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.681 .
doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.681
pubmed: 19454641
Schmid D, Leitzmann MF. Cardiorespiratory fitness as predictor of cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu250 .
doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdu250
pubmed: 26216388
Tari AR, Nauman J, Zisko N, et al. Temporal changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of dementia incidence and mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30183-5 .
doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30183-5
pubmed: 31677775
Sui X, Laditka JN, Church TS, et al. Prospective study of cardiorespiratory fitness and depressive symptoms in women and men. J Psychiatr Res. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.08.002 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.08.002
pubmed: 18845305
Carnethon MR, Gidding SS, Nehgme R, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness in young adulthood and the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors. JAMA. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.23.3092 .
doi: 10.1001/jama.290.23.3092
pubmed: 14679272
LaMonte MJ, Barlow CE, Jurca R, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome: a prospective study of men and women. Circulation. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.503805 .
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.503805
pubmed: 16009797
Myers J, Kokkinos P, Nyelin E. Physical activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the metabolic syndrome. Nutrients. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071652 .
doi: 10.3390/nu11071652
pubmed: 31861431
pmcid: 7019963
Tittlbach SA, Jekauc D, Schmidt SCE, et al. The relationship between physical activity, fitness, physical complaints and BMI in German adults - results of a longitudinal study. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1347963 .
doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1347963
pubmed: 28747143
Hassinen M, Lakka T, Hakola L, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome in older men and women. Diabetes Care. 2010. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0124 .
doi: 10.2337/dc10-0124
pubmed: 20413523
pmcid: 2890377
Earnest CP, Artero EG, Sui X et al. Maximal Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Metabolic Syndrome in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.11.006 .
Wen Y, Liu T, Ma C, et al. Association between handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Nutr. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.996645 .
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.996645
pubmed: 36712546
pmcid: 9815551
Ji C, Xia Y, Tong S, et al. Association of handgrip strength with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in US adults: the national health and nutrition examination survey. Aging. 2020. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103097 .
doi: 10.18632/aging.103097
pubmed: 33323557
pmcid: 7880403
Sesso HD, Paffenbarger RS, Ha T, et al. Physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and older women. Am J Epidemiol. 1999. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010020 .
doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010020
pubmed: 10453817
Mahmood SS, Levy D, Vasan RS, et al. The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective. Lancet. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61752-3 .
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61752-3
pubmed: 24084292
Aguib Y, Al Suwaidi J. The Copenhagen City Heart Study (Østerbroundersøgelsen). Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2015. https://doi.org/10.5339/gcsp.2015.33 .
doi: 10.5339/gcsp.2015.33
pubmed: 26779520
pmcid: 4710873
Kim Y, Han BG. Cohort Profile: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Consortium. Int J Epidemiol. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv316 .
doi: 10.1093/ije/dyv316
pubmed: 28938752
pmcid: 5837516
Arai Y, Iinuma T, Takayama M, et al. The Tokyo Oldest Old survey on Total Health (TOOTH): a longitudinal cohort study of multidimensional components of health and well-being. BMC Geriatr. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-10-35 .
doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-10-35
pubmed: 20529368
pmcid: 2893189
Suni J. Health-related Fitness Test Battery for Middle-aged adults. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylä University Printing House; 2000.
Grundy SM, Brewer HB Jr, Cleeman JI, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6 .
TASCOM Co. Ltd. Point-of-care SimplexTAS™ 101. New Generation of Immuno-chemistry system. TASCOM CO., Ltd. Anyang. https://bit.ly/3DfZPsT .
Nordestgaard BG, Langsted A, Mora S, et al. Fasting is not routinely required for determination of a lipid profile: clinical and laboratory implications including flagging at desirable concentration cut-points – a joint consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society and European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Eur Heart J. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw152 .
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw152
pubmed: 27122601
pmcid: 5837499
Oja P, Miilunpalo S, Vuori I, et al. Trends of health-related physical activity in Finland: 10-year-follow-up of an adult cohort in eastern Finland. Scan J Med Sci Sports. 1994;4:75–81.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1994.tb00408.x
Lewin A, Brondeel R, Benmarhnia T, et al. Attrition Bias related to Missing Outcome Data: a longitudinal Simulation Study. Epidemiology. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000755 .
doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000755
pubmed: 28926372
Fortier MD, Katzmarzyk PT, Malina RM, et al. Seven-year stability of physical activity and musculoskeletal fitness in the Canadian population. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200111000-00016 .
doi: 10.1097/00005768-200111000-00016
pubmed: 11689742
Mulder M, Ranchor AV, Sanderman R, et al. The stability of lifestyle behaviour. Int J Epidemiol. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/27.2.199 .
doi: 10.1093/ije/27.2.199
pubmed: 9758114
Arroll B, Beaglehole R. Does physical activity lower blood pressure: a critical review of the clinical trials. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(92)90093-3 .
doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90093-3
pubmed: 1588350
Chin SH, Kahathuduwa CN, Binks M. Physical activity and obesity: what we know and what we need to know. Obes Rev. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12460 .
doi: 10.1111/obr.12460
pubmed: 27743411
Kraus WE, Houmard JA, Duscha BD, et al. Effects of the amount and intensity of Exercise on plasma lipoproteins. N Engl J Med. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa020194 .
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa020194
pubmed: 12421890
Roberts CK, Hevener AL, Barnard RJ. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by Exercise Training. Compr Physiol. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c110062 .
doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110062
pubmed: 23720280
pmcid: 4129661