Deep-learning-based image super-resolution of an end-expandable optical fiber probe for application in esophageal cancer diagnostics.

Endoscopic screening for esophageal cancer (EC) may enable early cancer diagnosis and treatment. While optical microendoscopic technology has shown promise in improving specificity, the limited field of view ( To improve the efficiency of endoscopic screening, we propose a novel concept of end-expandable endoscopic optical fiber probe for larger field of visualization and for the first time evaluate a deep-learning-based image super-resolution (DL-SR) method to overcome the issue of limited sampling capability. To demonstrate feasibility of the end-expandable optical fiber probe, DL-SR was applied on simulated low-resolution microendoscopic images to generate super-resolved (SR) ones. Varying the degradation model of image data acquisition, we identified the optimal parameters for optical fiber probe prototyping. The proposed screening method was validated with a human pathology reading study. For various degradation parameters considered, the DL-SR method demonstrated different levels of improvement of traditional measures of image quality. The endoscopists' interpretations of the SR images were comparable to those performed on the high-resolution ones. This work suggests avenues for development of DL-SR-enabled sparse image reconstruction to improve high-yield EC screening and similar clinical applications.

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